The shapes of simple molecules and ions

What does this mean — ?

-solid lines mean that the bonds lie on the plane of the screen or page .

What does the solid wedge mean ?

-It means that the bond is coming out of the plane of the page

What does the solid dash line mean ?

-the bond is projecting back behind the plane of the page

What shape and angle does 2 bonding pairs produce ?

Shape: linear

Angle:180

What shape and angle does 3 bonding pairs produce ?

• Shape: Trigonal planar

• Angle:120

What shape and angle does 6 bonded pairs produce ?

• Shape:octahedral

• Angle:90

What angle and shape does 4 bonded pairs produce ?

• Shape:Tetrahedral

• Angle:109.5

What angle and shape does 3 bonded and 1 lone pair produce ?

• Shape: Triangular pyramidal

• Angle:107

What angle and shape does 2 bonded pairs and 2 lone pairs produce?

• Shape : Non-linear

• Angle:104.5

How would we treat a double bond ?

• The same as a single bond

Define electron pair repulsion theory ?

• The shape of the molecule is determined by the electron pair surrounding the central atom

• This is based on the fact that pairs of electrons repel each other

What is the effect of lone pairs on the shape of molecule?

• Lone pairs reduce the bonding angle by 2.5

• Lone pairs repel more strongly

What happens when electron repel each other ?

-They move further away