Chapter 2 organic and inorganic compounds

organic compound

must contain C - usually covalently bonded to H

hydrolysis

a chemical reaction that breaks chemical bonds by the addition of water molecules

dehydration synthesis

a chemical reaction creating chemical bonds by the removal of water molecules

polymers of glucose

starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin

buffers

resist sudden/abrupt changes in pH

normal blood pH range

7.35-7.45

lipid

ratio of H to O is not 2:1 - lots more H than O

carbohydrate

H:O ratio is 2:1 (it can be an approximate ratio of C to H to O of 1:2:1)

carbohydrate

glycerol

amino acid

lipid

nucleotide

purine

pyrimidine

carboxyl group (organic acid group)

amine group (amino group)

high heat vaporization

this property of water helps keep us cool

water

most abundant/important inorganic cpd in living matter

water

universal solvent

Monosaccharides

building blocks (monomers) of carbohydrates

glucose, fructose, galactose

monosaccharide examples

disaccharides

sucrose, lactose, maltose

polysaccharides

cellulose, starch, glycogen, chitin

glycogen

how animals store carbs in liver and muscles

weak hydrogen bonds

what bonds water molecules to other water molecules

blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid

examples of colloids in the body

ATP

energy storing molecule - fuels all life's processes - no life without it

carbohydrates

major source of fuel for our bodies/cells

polysaccharide

long chain of monosaccharides (simple sugars)

collagen

single most abundant protein in body

acid

sour/can react with metal/proton donor

base

bitter/slippery feel/proton acceptor

double helix

another name for DNA

cholesterol

used to make vitamin D, sex hormones, bile salts, aldosterone, cortisol

functional proteins

are globular, water soluble, chemically active, mobile, unstable, tertiary/quaternary level proteins

structural proteins

are fibrous, long, skinny, insoluble in water, stable, primary/secondary level proteins

-ase

suffix typical of enzymes

enzyme/substrate complex

when an enzyme bonds to its substrate at the active site

nucleotides

building blocks of nucleic acids

1 glycerol and 3 fatty acid chains

building blocks of lipids

amino acids

building blocks of proteins

peptide bond

chemical bond that forms between the carbon of a carboxyl group of one amino acid and the nitrogen of the amino group of another amino acid - links amino acids together in a protein

nucleotide

made of phosphate group, 5 Carbon sugar, and nitrogen base

RNA

carries out order for protein synthesis issued by DNA

DNA

carrier of genetic code, determines nucleotide coding in RNA, determines types of proteins cell can produce

unsaturated fat

has one or more double/triple covalent bonds in the fatty acid chain(s)

water

Biochemical reactions in the body must occur in this

A, T, C, G

four nitrogen bases in DNA

A, U, C, G

The four nitrogen bases found in RNA

-ose

suffix associated with a sugar

backbone structure of DNA

alternating sugars and phosphates

For DNA and RNA , the nitrogen bases are always attached to the _______________ on the backbone of DNA or RNA

5 Carbon sugar