frog

Dorsal

Dorsal

back side of frog; irregular brown spots for camo

Ventral

white tummy

Forelegs

basically arms; 4 full fingers and one rudimentary finger

pollex

thumb pad/rudementary finger. males are larger and darker used to grip females in mating

hindlegs

the frogs “legs” used for jumping. they have 5 fingers + 1 rudimentary

anus/cloaca

digestive, urinary, and reproductive system

Tympanum

eardrums which vibrate to sense sound

Nictitating Membrane

semi-transparent film over eyes which protect it but the frog can still see

External Nares

nostrils

Tongue

catches prey by quickly coming out; front of the mouth and the frog can catch distant creatures with sticky mucus

Internal nares

inside the mouth which connect to the outside external nares

maxillary teeth

on top/sides of the mouth, allows them to hold prey but they can’t chew with it

vomerine teeth

front teeth used to chew; considered vestigial

eye sockets

circular gaps behind the vomerine teeth. durig digestian the eyeballs are pulled into the sockets so prey can enter the gullet

Gullet

opening of esophagus that carries prey to stomach

glottis

opening to respiratory system for air

eustachian tubes

holes behind maxillary teeth that connect to middle ear and equalize pressure

Muscle groups

rectus abdominis, external oblique, pectoralis major, deltoid, mylohyoid

Liver

large and dark on top of the lungs. underneath u can find bile. detoxifies blood and produces said bile

Gallbladder

tiny green sack which stores bile

heart

on top of the liver under the neck.

right atrium (when observed looking down from top is placed on the left)

receives deoxygenated blood from veins.

left atrium (when observed looking down from top is placed on the right)

 Receives oxygenated blood from lungs

Ventricle

pumps blood to lungs and body to pick up/drop off oxygen.

oxygen process

air enters nares and travels through glottis in mouth to the lungs folded behind the heart to deliver oxygen to the blood

capillaries in the skin

allows underwater respiration when oxygen is absorbed

esophagus

digestion- between gullet and stomach

Stomach

large crescent moon shape. sac with hydrochloric acid that activates enzymes to digest food.

Pylorus

partially digested food goes from stomach to small intestine through THIS valve

Colin (Large Intestine)

shorter than small intestine but has a larger diameter and does water absorption. Waste exits the system through the cloaca.

Fat bodies

used during hibernation

Spleen

very far back, it’s like a red lump thing that filters out old red blood cells and releases new blood cells into blood

Oviduct

that squiggly yellow line you thought was a yellow liver stripe →  some males have a nonfunctional oviduct

Kidneys

near button that filter blood and collect waste stored in bladder to be distributed in cloaca.

Leg Muscles

Optimized for jumping

Femur

top thigh

tibiofibula

lower leg

Knee

enables the leg to bend between femur/tibiofibula

Phalanges

toe bones

brain

behind eyes and inside the skull. it’s that mushy darker thing shaped like a .0.

Cerebrum hemispheres

Control voluntary movement/conscious activity

Olfactory nerve

Connects nostrils to the lobe in the brain where smell is detected

Olfactory Lobe

Smell is detected in the brain, closest to the nose of any part in the brain aside from the nerves

Optic Lobe

Behind cerebrum; controls eyes/vision

Cerebellum

Controls Muscle activity/balance of the frog

Medulla

Very end of the brain before the spinal cord; basically the control center. Manages breathing, heart rate, swallowing, digestion, and reflexes

Spinal chord

Inside the vertebrate column, attached to the medulla

Bicep femoras

Thigh muscle

Gastrocnemius

Calf muscle

Achilles tendon

Connects muscle and bone near the feet