Fungi

Phylum Basidiomycota

Club fungi

basidiophores produced on a basidium

mushrooms, toadstools, etc

pore/shelf fungus

basidiomycete that are important wood decay organisms that can grow on living and dead trees

Phylum Ascomycota

Sac fungi

Biggest phylum

ascospores produced in an ascus

ascus sack typically has 8 ascospores

most are micro fungi

cip fungi, morels, yeasts

lichens

mutualistic symbiosis between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism

most are ascomycetes

common mint green color

photosynthetic organisms that have mutualistic symbiosis with fungi

photobiant green alga or cynobacterium or both

imperfect fungi

have no known sexual stage

typically produce spores by mitosis

conidia produced on conidiophores

unable to complete life cycle using meiosis

imperfect fungi examples

Penicilium

Apergillus

Rhizoctonia

Trichoderma

Penicilium

source of penicillin

Aspergillus

aspergilosus can be cause by ingesting too many spores

Rhizoctonia

common soil fungus, produces no spores

Tricoderma

common soil fungus

Phylum Chtridomycota

The chytrids

microscopic with coenocytic hyphae

aquatic and soil fungi

flagellated zoospres

not widely studied until recently because of BD: causes disease in amphibians

Why do chytrids have flagellated zoospores?

it enables them to be aquatic and swim around

Phylum zygomycota

bread mold, sugar mold, pin fungi

coenocytic

“post harvest” losses

biocontrol

spores without flagella

YOKE

coenocytic

hyphae don’t have regular cross walls

“post harvest” losses

moldy fruit, bread, etc

What is a mold?

a microscopic fungus whose mycelium can be seen without magnification that feeds on dead material and affects things we care about

zygomycetes that you can see are ___

molds

Phylum Glomeromycota

Endomycorrihzal fungi

mutualistic symbioses with plant roots

all asexual, no sexual forms known

biotrophic

arbuscules

biotrophic

cannot be cultured (grown in a petri dish)

endomycorrhizal fungi

inside plant root

what happens when glomeromycetes grow into cells of plant roots?

they form structures called arbuscules to exchange nutrients

they explore the soil with their increased surface: volume ratio

they exchange photosynthate for minerals

Kingdom Fungi

a monophyletic, crown eukaryote kingdom

Mycology

the study of fungi

Fungi shared derived characteristics

heterotrophic by assimilation

cell walls made of chitin

reproduction by spores

zygotic meiosis (with modification)

heterotrophic by assimilation

fungi can feed anywhere along its body by secreting enzymes that start to digest the substrate and bring the digestive macromolecules through the cell wall into their body

Fungi Body Plan

filamentous or single celled

Filamentous forms of fungi

hypa, hyphae, mycelium, mycelia

hypha and hyphae

one tiny thread, and many threads

mycelium and mycelia

many hyphae, and many mycelium

single celled fungi

yeasts

ancestral evolutionary fungi trends

single posterior flagellum, hyphae coenocytic, and microscopic

derived evolutionary fungi trends

loss of flagella, hyphae septate, macroscopic

hyphae coenocytic

there are no cross walls or septation between nuclei

hyphae septate

there are cross walls between nuclei; much more arranged

decomposers

mostly plant material (especially wood)

mutualistic symbioses

they can partner up with different phototrophic organisms that share habitats and exchange important resources

mutualistic symbioses examples

lichens and mycorrhizas

newer name for zygomycota

zoopagomycota

newer name for glomermycota

mucuromycota