Carbohydrates and Lipids

carbohydrates are made out of carbon hydrogen and oxygen, lipids are made out of carbon hydrogen oxygen and some times phosphate (only in phospholipids)

How are carbohydrates and lipids chemically different?

Carbs are used for short term energy storage and fast energy, lipids are used for long term energy storage and insulation

How do carbs and lipids differ in function?

carbohydrates in general

CH2O is the general formula for…

C6H12O6

chemical formula for glucose

glucose, fructose, galactose

3 monosaccharides

lactose, maltose, sucrose

3 disaccharides

maltose

glucose - glucose

sucrose

glucose + fructose

lactose

glucose + galactose

isomer

molecules with the same chemical formula but different structure (ex. glucose, fructose, and galactose)

plants

Where is glucose found?

fruit, corn

where is fructose found?

parts of milk sugar

where is galactose found?

C12H22O11

chemical formula for disaccharides

an anabolic process used to build a macromolecule

dehydration synthesis

when 2 monomers combine, an OH (hydroxyl) group and H (hydrogen molecule) are removed and form its own molecule (H2O)

explain dehydration synthesis

dehydration synthesis

a long chain of glucose

what is a polysaccharide

starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin

four polysaccharides

potatoes, rice, grains

where is starch found

cell walls of fungi, exoskeletons of artheropods

where is chitin found

cell walls of plants

where is cellulose found

liver

where is glycogen found

beta bonds hold glucose molesules

info on cellulose

alpha bonds hold glucose molecules

info on starch

 beta bonds hold glucose molecules

info on chitin

alpha bonds hold glucose molecules

info on glycogen

alpha glucose

beta glucose

glycosidic

What is the name of the bond that links two alpha glucose molecules?

glycosidic

What is the name of the bond that links two alpha glucose molecules?

we don’t have the enzymes for it

why can’t we digest (break down) the bond that holds two beta glucose molecules together?

glycogen is a polymer, glucose is a monomer. glucose is found anywhere and glycogen is found in the liver

What are some differences between glycogen and glucose?

alpha glycosidic

what bond holds starch

alpha glycosidic

what bond holds glycogen

beta glycosidic

what bond holds cellulose

beta glycosidic

what bond holds chitin

ester

what bond holds triglycerides

Oils, Animal products, Milk products

Where are fats found in your diet (in what foods)?

grains, Starches, Fruit, corn

Where are carbs found in your diet (in what foods)?

3 fatty acids and glycerol

What are the building blocks of fats?

no kink, no double bond, solid at room temp

info on saturated fats

kink and double bond, liquid at room temp, if there’s just a double bond it doesn’t mean its unsaturated

info on unsaturated fats

red meat, animal fats

saturated fatty acids examples

oils

unsaturated fatty acids examples

heart disease when someone has too much fat in their diet

how is atherosclerosis caused

deposit of fatty plaque blocks blood flow in the coronary artery (lumen) which brings blood and nutrients to the heart

what happens when you have atherosclerosis

heart attack from blocked blood flow

what can atherosclerosis result in

when you digest food, you produce CO2 and it travels through your lungs to get breathed out OR We produce carbon dioxide and out body produces water and with oxygen you have CO2

how is CO2 in your blood?

3 fatty acids and a glycerol

what are triglycerides produced from

triglyceride (photo)

saturated fatty acid

saturated fatty acid

fatty acid

long carbon chain  and with a carboxyl group at one end

cell membrane

where are phospholipids found in

2 fatty acids attached to  one glycerol and a phosphate

what are phospholipids made out of

phospholipid pic

polar, hydrophilic

describe the head

non-polar, hydrophobic

describe the tail

they line up

what happens when you put phospholipids in water?

phospholipids bilayer

reproductive hormones, bile, cortisone, vitamin D, and colesterol

where are steroids found

bile

anything that breaks up larger molecules (fat in this case) into smaller molecules

4 fused carbon rings

what is the structure of cholesterol?

a male hormone

what is Testosterone

a female hormone

what is Progesterone

a female hormone

what is estrogen

cortisone

anti inflammation hormone

Testosterone, Estrogen, Progesterone, Cortisone, bile, BUT cholesterol is the base of all steroids

which steroids need cholesterol to be built?

Working out more + reduce intake of animal products

how to help people with high cholesterol

Methyl group

CH3

glycosidic

What is the bond between any 2 monosaccharides?

Hydroxyl group

OH

carboxyl group

COOH

CHO

what elements are triglycerides made from

CHOP

what elements are phospholipids made from

insulation, long term energy storage, energy, padding/cushioning

functions of lipids

cis fats pic

trans fats pic

H is at the top

cis fats

H is at the bottom

trans fats