Studied by 11 peoplecarbohydrates are made out of carbon hydrogen and oxygen, lipids are made out of carbon hydrogen oxygen and some times phosphate (only in phospholipids)
How are carbohydrates and lipids chemically different?
Carbs are used for short term energy storage and fast energy, lipids are used for long term energy storage and insulation
How do carbs and lipids differ in function?
carbohydrates in general
CH2O is the general formula for…
C6H12O6
chemical formula for glucose
glucose, fructose, galactose
3 monosaccharides
lactose, maltose, sucrose
3 disaccharides
maltose
glucose - glucose
sucrose
glucose + fructose
lactose
glucose + galactose
isomer
molecules with the same chemical formula but different structure (ex. glucose, fructose, and galactose)
plants
Where is glucose found?
fruit, corn
where is fructose found?
parts of milk sugar
where is galactose found?
C12H22O11
chemical formula for disaccharides
an anabolic process used to build a macromolecule
dehydration synthesis
when 2 monomers combine, an OH (hydroxyl) group and H (hydrogen molecule) are removed and form its own molecule (H2O)
explain dehydration synthesis
dehydration synthesis
a long chain of glucose
what is a polysaccharide
starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin
four polysaccharides
potatoes, rice, grains
where is starch found
cell walls of fungi, exoskeletons of artheropods
where is chitin found
cell walls of plants
where is cellulose found
liver
where is glycogen found
beta bonds hold glucose molesules
info on cellulose
alpha bonds hold glucose molecules
info on starch
beta bonds hold glucose molecules
info on chitin
alpha bonds hold glucose molecules
info on glycogen
alpha glucose
beta glucose
glycosidic
What is the name of the bond that links two alpha glucose molecules?
glycosidic
What is the name of the bond that links two alpha glucose molecules?
we don’t have the enzymes for it
why can’t we digest (break down) the bond that holds two beta glucose molecules together?
glycogen is a polymer, glucose is a monomer. glucose is found anywhere and glycogen is found in the liver
What are some differences between glycogen and glucose?
alpha glycosidic
what bond holds starch
alpha glycosidic
what bond holds glycogen
beta glycosidic
what bond holds cellulose
beta glycosidic
what bond holds chitin
ester
what bond holds triglycerides
Oils, Animal products, Milk products
Where are fats found in your diet (in what foods)?
grains, Starches, Fruit, corn
Where are carbs found in your diet (in what foods)?
3 fatty acids and glycerol
What are the building blocks of fats?
no kink, no double bond, solid at room temp
info on saturated fats
kink and double bond, liquid at room temp, if there’s just a double bond it doesn’t mean its unsaturated
info on unsaturated fats
red meat, animal fats
saturated fatty acids examples
oils
unsaturated fatty acids examples
heart disease when someone has too much fat in their diet
how is atherosclerosis caused
deposit of fatty plaque blocks blood flow in the coronary artery (lumen) which brings blood and nutrients to the heart
what happens when you have atherosclerosis
heart attack from blocked blood flow
what can atherosclerosis result in
when you digest food, you produce CO2 and it travels through your lungs to get breathed out OR We produce carbon dioxide and out body produces water and with oxygen you have CO2
how is CO2 in your blood?
3 fatty acids and a glycerol
what are triglycerides produced from
triglyceride (photo)
saturated fatty acid
saturated fatty acid
fatty acid
long carbon chain and with a carboxyl group at one end
cell membrane
where are phospholipids found in
2 fatty acids attached to one glycerol and a phosphate
what are phospholipids made out of
phospholipid pic
polar, hydrophilic
describe the head
non-polar, hydrophobic
describe the tail
they line up
what happens when you put phospholipids in water?
phospholipids bilayer
reproductive hormones, bile, cortisone, vitamin D, and colesterol
where are steroids found
bile
anything that breaks up larger molecules (fat in this case) into smaller molecules
4 fused carbon rings
what is the structure of cholesterol?
a male hormone
what is Testosterone
a female hormone
what is Progesterone
a female hormone
what is estrogen
cortisone
anti inflammation hormone
Testosterone, Estrogen, Progesterone, Cortisone, bile, BUT cholesterol is the base of all steroids
which steroids need cholesterol to be built?
Working out more + reduce intake of animal products
how to help people with high cholesterol
Methyl group
CH3
glycosidic
What is the bond between any 2 monosaccharides?
Hydroxyl group
OH
carboxyl group
COOH
CHO
what elements are triglycerides made from
CHOP
what elements are phospholipids made from
insulation, long term energy storage, energy, padding/cushioning
functions of lipids
cis fats pic
trans fats pic
H is at the top
cis fats
H is at the bottom
trans fats
Note
Flashcard