AP Comp Gov Unit 1 Vocab 3

Rule of Law

a principle under which all persons, institutions, and entities are accountable to laws that are: Publicly promulgated Equally enforced Independently adjudicated And consistent with international human rights principles.

Rule by Law

the restriction of the arbitrary exercise of power by subordinating it to well-defined and established laws.

Transparency

\
holding public officials accountable for their operations. Transparency ensures accountability, openness, and communication between the public and government.

Corruption

dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power, typically involving bribery, for illegitimate private gain.

Democratization

the introduction of a democratic system or democratic principles.

Democratic Consolidation

refers to the establishment and strengthening of democratic institutions, norms, and practices in a society, ensuring the stability and endurance of a democratic system.

Illiberal Democracy/Hybrid Regimes/Competitive Authoritarian Regimes

regimes whose rulers win genuine elections but then violate liberal freedoms./nations with regular electoral frauds, preventing them from being fair and free democracy./, formal democratic institutions are widely viewed as the principal means of obtaining and exercising political authority. the people in charge then violate those rules so often and to such an extent, however, that the regime fails to meet conventional minimum standards for democracy(type of hybrid regime)

Presidential System

a system of government in which the president is constitutionally independent of the legislature

Parliamentary System

democratic form of government in which the party (or a group of parties) with the greatest representation in the parliament  forms the government, its leader becoming prime minister or chancellor.