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protect minority rights
why is the legislative process complicated and multi-stepped?
Introduction
the first step of the legislative process - bills are formally introduced in house or senate (revenue = house only) and then it must pass both to be referred - many don’t pass
Referral to Committee
Second Step - the Bill is assigned to one or more committees for consideration (after committee, sent to subcommitee)
Multiple- Referral
referred to multiple committees if large or complex bill
Hearings
used to gather information about the bill (declined inr ecent years because gather info from interest groups)
The Committee Report
the history of the Bill from committee to the floor
Discharge Petition
issued by the house to move a Bill out of an unfriendly commitee and to the floor for a house vote
bypass committees
major bills (like obamacare) can _______
Floor Consideration
Third Step - after gathering info/ successfully passed out of committee, bill goes to the floors of the House and Senate for THE VOTE
House Rules Committee
powerful; determines when a Bill will be debates and voted on in the house floor, how long the debate will last, and whether amendments are allowed in making the decision
Committee of the whole
consists of all members of the house governed by a different set of rules than normal house meetings- used when considering a more complex/ controversial bill
Roll-call vote
house votes mostly electronic; by “yea” “nay” or “present”
Hold
placed on a Bill if a senator objects it (delys the legislation)
Unanimous Consent Agreement
in the senate; sets the terms for consideration of the Bill (ex. limited time, needs unanimous consent, amendments, etc)
Fillibuster
a tactic used where a senator talks and talks to delay a motion
cloture
60 senators must approve to shut down a filibuster (rare)
Hostage-taking
holding up a confirmation of a presidential nominee to extract own interests/ concessions (threaten to do this to get their way)
Reconciliation
the bill is sent to a committee to adjust spending, taxing, or debt limit for resolution
Budget Resolution
total amount of revenue in the year’s budget
Prez
final step - veto or approve