Microbiology Final

Humans can get TSE from which of the following?

All the above

If only occasional cases are reported at irregular intervals the disease is?

Sporadic

Rabies is associated with what type of inclusion body?

Negri bodies

Icosahedrons can form empty capsids

True

1 multiple choice option

Which method of transmission is involved when someone has a genetic or familiar prion disease?

vertical

Which are likely to be asymptomatic if contracted?

E Histogia

Which of the following is never considered to be a symptom nor has components that shows symptoms but is considered a sign?

All of these are signs and symptoms

Which of the following protozoan disease is typically passed from person to person as a sexual transmitted infection?

Trichomoniasis

When several agents establish themselves simultaneously at the infection site it is called what type of infection?

Mixed infection

Which of the following lack a cell wall?

Mycoplasma

A child gets HIV from their parent during birth. What type of transmission is this?

Vertical

Ebola belongs to what sub family?

Filovirus

Cytomegalovirus is associated with what type of inclusion body?

Owl eyes

Which of the following viral groups does not contain a hepatitis virus?

Flavivirus

Herpes simplex one or two is considered what category of infection following the initial flare ups?

Chronic secondary

Which subfamily do Norwalk virus and Hep. E fall under?

Calicivirus

What bacteria genus is considered unusual because it is an obligate intracellular leaky membrane?

Rickettsia

The number of new cases over a given time period is called?

Incidence

When they are present with another virus of a similar type, these type of viruses often trigger super infections?

Defective

Which of the following is the most common form of DNA recombination and is primarily performed by gram negative bacteria?

Conjugation

Which of the following is is not a characteristic prion disease?

Curable

A virus type that is nothing more than a single strand of RNA and is only capable of affecting plants?

Viroid

Out of the following protozoan diseases which of the following is vectored by tetsi flies?

African Sleeping Sickness

In malaria the same portion of the life cycle only happens in mosquito, this would make the mosquito

Biological Vector

Mr. Jones who is an IV drug user, has Hep B and HIV and has begun to show signs of liver disease. When sharing a needle with friends he gives them Hep B. In this case he would be type of carrier?

chronic

If an abnormally high rate of a particular disease is being seen in multiple countries on multiple continents we would categorize it

Pandemic

Which of the following is not considered a typical secondary site of infection for viral agents?

liver

Which of the following methods is a means of genetic recombination but not a mechanism of transfer?

transposons

Which of the following would not be a typical portal of exit for a virus?

Nail clippings

What form of tinea causes infection of the trunk of the body?

Tinea Corporis

A viral agent triggers the formation of a wart on your hand and nothing else, which of the following criteria does it satisfy?

Localized infection

Which of the following is considered a physical agent of microbial control?

Heat

Which of the following is primarily found after puberty until menopause in the vagina?

Lactobacilli

The disappearance of a virus ability to infect other cells following the initial attachment of it to a host cell is called which of the following?

Eclipse

Which of the following is not considered a natural barrier?

Macrophages

If we were to take up cannibalism as a common practice in human society the incidence of which diseases would be less likely?

Prion

The thermal death time is the longest period of time required to kill all the microorganisms in a sample when exposed to a specific temperature under standard conditions

False

1 multiple choice option

What disease listed below would be a zoonotic disease?

Rabies

Which of the following contains a nucleic acid core but lacks a regular capsid

Poxvirus

Which of the following mycotoxicosis acts as a carcinogen and is hepatotoxic

Aflatoxins

If bacteria takes up space in the colon and absorbs nutrients but doesn't help or hurt the colon, it would be considered a?

Commensal parasite

Prevention or slowing of bacterial reproduction and metabolism is which of the following?

Bacteriostatic

Chickenpox and shingles are considered which of the following

Persistent- Latent

Interferon would be fall into the category of

Antigen specific defense

Which of the following cellular structures would be found in ALL bacterial cells?

Cell wall

In which step does floc settle to the bottom of the water supply due to its weight?

sedimentation

The herpes simplex viruses are considered?

Chronic persistent

Influenza is a type of which virus?

Orthomyxoviruses

Which type of genetic regulation involves induction genes or end product repression?

Operon Based Repression

If you come down with salmonella food poisoning after eating contaminated salad, this would be an example of

True Pathogen

The name ascribed to many flagella at random locations?

Peritrichous

Enveloped viruses typically dock with the cell through

Cell Receptor

When an infection remains localized but a toxin is produced and it travels to different tissue groups is called

Toxemia

Someone tests positive for COVID-19 but they do not have symptoms at the time. Under quarantine they develop symptoms. At the time of their test they were

Pre-symptomatic

If bacteria appear as spheres in clusters, they are called?

Staphylococcus

The large intestine contains predominantly

Anaerobic

Time period that involves onset of infection to appearance of virus extracellularly is

Latent

Acquisition of natural flora is a never ending process and therefore consent can be influenced by the environment and people we live around

True

1 multiple choice option

Which of the following is the step right before filtration in water treatment?

Sedimentation

Which of the following is not a DNA virus?

Paramyxovirus

What type of encephalopathy is caused by prion disease?

Spongiform

Which of the following belong to the same virus subfamily in the RNA group?

Measles and Mumps

Which of the following does not belong in the herpes virus family?

All of these

Which of the following forms of Hepatitis is from a defective virus?

Hep D

Release of non-enveloped viruses always results in a dead cell

True

1 multiple choice option

Destruction of the vegetative forms of bacteria is

Bactericidal

The computer mouse or tablet you are taking this test with would be?

Fomite

All viruses must be cultivated in living organisms

True

1 multiple choice option

The local water supply is contaminated with cholera a bacteria; people drinking the water seem to have diarrhea and enteritis, however, people who have not drunk from the contaminated water source but live in the community seem unaffected. The bacteria____

Non-communicable

A single virus can contain both DNA and RNA

False

1 multiple choice option

Removal of all microorganisms and infectious particles including spores and viruses is which of the following?

Sterilization

Helical capsids are capable of producing empty capsids?

False

1 multiple choice option

If an abnormally high rate of a particular disease is being seen in the state of California we would categorize it as

Epidemic

Which of the following is the least common bacteria among skin flora?

Epidermis

Which of the following cant be a cause of the common cold?

orthomyxoviruses

A doctor during surgery cuts himself with the scalpel bleeding into the patients open wound; his infectious blood borne virus is passed to the patient. This would be an example of?

Iatrogenic

Prion conversion from normal to abnormal involves a shift in what level of protein structure?

Orthomyxovirus

Which of the following would be considered highly contagious?

Rhinovirus

Short pili on bacteria are used for?

attachment

Which of the following is not a picornavirus?

parainfluenza

The _____ in flagella would be most likely accessed and used by macrophages when attacking foreign bacteria due to the ______

Filament/pillin

Who disproved abiogenesis by performing an alcoholic fermentation experiment?

Louis Pasteur

The _____ in pilli would be most likely accessed and used by macrophages when attacking foreign bacteria.

flagellin

Which of the following anchors the flagellum to the cell wall?

basal body

If a bacteria is using taxis to detect an attractant, then its' movement pattern will involve?

Moving slowly up the gradient it is detecting

Which of the following is not a typical unit of measurement used in microbiology?

Millimeter

What form of glycocalyx would grant a bacterium more consistent protection or be more effective at preventing an immune attack?

capsule

If a bacteria is using taxis to detect a repellant, then its' movement pattern will involve?

Moving rapidly down the gradient it is detecting

If a single flagella is found at both poles of the bacteria, the bacteria is classified as?

Amphitrichous

What component creates a waxy outer coating in acid fast bacteria?

mycolic acid

If bacteria appear as rods in chains, they are called?

streptobascilli

Regarding their genetics, which of the following is not always true for all bacteria?

they have circular chromosomes

Which of the following is a sporalating inducer?

all of these

Which bacteria has a thick waxy cell wall and contain lots of mycolic acid?

mycobacterium

______ contains a thick layer of peptidoglycan, whereas _______ contains a thin layer of peptidoglycan and an outer membrane.

gram positive/ gram negative

Spore formation in bacteria is performed as a mechanism of

survival

What is the main function of the peptidoglycan of the cell wall?

prevents osmotic lysis

Which of the following is not an alternative to the use of O2 as an electron acceptor because is is an obligatory process that only occurs under anaerobic conditions?

sulfate reduction

The back of the throat, which would contain low oxygen and moderate carbon dioxide, would be mostly populated by?

Facultative bacteria

What is the major endotoxin of the bacterial world?

lipopolysaccharide