LE4 COMPANA

monds ppt

Digestive System

turns the food you eat into nutrients

Digestive System

mechanical processing and secretion of water, acids, enzymes, buffer, and salt

Digestive System

excretion of waste products

2 divisions of the digestive system 

Gastrointestinal tract and Accessory organs

Gastrointestinal tract

also called the digestive tract or alimentary canal

Gastrointestinal tract

consists of mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine

Gastrointestinal tract

pathway by which food enters the body and solid wastes are expelled

Incisors

Shape is flat and chisel-shaped

Incisors

Functions as cutting and slicing food

Canines

Shape is pointed and cone-shaped

Canines

Function is tearing and gripping food

Premolars

Shape is broad, flat, ridged

Premolars

Function is crushing and grinding food

Molars

Shape is large, flat, and ridged

Molars

Function is chewing and grinding food

Heterodont

mammals; many teeth

Homodont

vertebrates other than mammals; one teeth

Peristalsis

a series of wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract

True

Stomach acid is strong enough to dissolve stainless steel

Chyme

it consists of food, digestive acids, and enzymes

Regurgitation

is used as an act during courting in birds as ell as to feed their young

Borborygmi

the growling or rumbling sounds that the stomach make as food, fluids, and gas pass through 

Borborygmi

the noticeable sound when you’re hungry

Belching/Eructation

commonly referred to as burping

Belching/Eructation

release of gas from the upper digestive tract through the mouth

Eating faster causes you to burp because of extra air

True

Small intestine

it carries the major digestion and absorption of digested food

Mesentery

a continuous set of tissues that attaches your intestines to the wall of your abdomen and holds them in place

Villi

finger-like projections that lines the small intestine that increase surface area for nutrient absorption

Large intestine

is responsible for absorption of water from indigestible residue of food

Large intestine

is responsible for getting rid of any waste products left over

Flatulence

is a primary result of bacteria in the large intestine fermenting undigested carbohydrates like sugars and fibers 

Foods high in sulfur causes smellier farts

True 

Accessory organs

not part of the digestive tract or alimentary canal

Accessory organs

salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

Accessory organs

secrete or store substances that pass through ducts into the gastrointestinal tract

Salivary glands 

secretes saliva

Liver

secretes bile which digests and absorbs fats

Liver

has the greatest regenerative capacity of any organ in the body

Some liver cells die everytime your liver filters alcohol

True

Prolonged alcohol misuse can deteriorate the regenerative ability of the liver

True

Gallbladder

stores and concentrates excess bile secreted by the liver

Pancreas

neutralizes acidic chyme by releasing biocarbonate ions and breaks down protein, fats, and carbohydrates

Single chambered stomach

Humans and rabbits share this type of stomach

Two chambered stomach

Chickens possess this type of stomach

Proventriculus

Where gastric juices if chickens are produced

Gizzard

wheir food is stored, soaked, and mechanically ground

Gizzard

place where stones swallowed by birds stay to help in grinding and crushing food

Crop

for temporary storage in chickens

Multi-chambered stomach

Cows have this type of stomach

Rumen

largest chamber and is the fermentation chamber for the initial breakdown of ingested food

Reticulum

chamber that aids in particle breakdown and regurgitation

Omasum

chamber that absorbs water and nutrients

Abomasum

chamber that functions as the true stomach, secreting digestive enzymes to break down food before absorption

Fish

Their digestive system is simple with variations in tract length; acidic stomach in carnivores

Amphibians

Their digestive system has standard organs, including muscular stomach for whole prey digestion

Reptiles

Their digestive system includes standard organs but has slower digestion due to low metabolism

Birds

Their digestive system is specialized with crop for storage and gizzard for grinding

Mammals

Their digestive system is complex, with diet specific adaptations; herbivores may have multi-chambered stomachs

Fish

Has shorter tracts in carnivores, longer in herbivores; adaptations for filter feeding in some species

Amphibians

Has adapted for both aquatic and terestial diets; swallow prey whole, requiring stronger stomach muscles

Reptiles

Has low metabolic rate resulting in slower digestion; some herbivores have a larger cecum for plants

Birds