unit 1 Willecke test guide

The sacrament __ involves talking to a priest about the sins you have committed.

Confession

__ is an internal state rather than an external action.

Repentance

The practice of involved the Pope selling the right to hold a church office at a future date after the current occupant dies.

Expectatives

___ was burned at the stake.

Jan Hus

Calvinists in the Netherlands organized the Church.

Dutch Reformed

Luther believed everyone was _ before God, and just as capable of communicating with him.

Equal

In addition to prayer, one had to do their assigned __ to complete penance.

Good deeds to complete

If you have not confessed all your sins, you have to go to _ before Heaven.

Purgatory

Luther's challenging of church doctrine led to the ___ which caused the split of Christianity into many different sects.

Reformation

Luther believed that the _ was the only source of truth.

Bible

Luther was supported by Prince _ of Saxony, who protected him from being taken to Rome.

Frederick

All sacraments have to be done in ———.

Church

The heretic ___ preached in the vernacular language.

Hus

Luther challenged the doctrine of ___ because he thought that they were worldly and unnecessary in seeking salvation.

Indulgences

_ was the church abuse in which members of the clergy held multiple positions at the same time.

Pluralism

A _ is a government run by church leaders.

Theocracy

Calvinism's belief of salvation is rooted in , which is an acknowledgement that God alone decided who received salvation.

Predestination

The papacy moved to the city of _ during the Babylonian Captivity.

Avignon

Simony is the act of buying and selling of church _——.

Offices

is the idea that God has long ago determined who will gain salvation.

Predestination

Expectatives are the abuse of buying church offices for after the incumbent ____.

Dies

The was the document signed in ____ that allowed the princes to decide which religion was followed in their state.

Peace of Augsburg, 1555

In an attempt to make Christianity more accessible to common people, Luther published the _ in German for the first time.

New Testament

Calvinists believed that the world was divided into two kinds of people - and _.

Saints, Sinners

The amount of unrepented ____ determines the length of a person's time in purgatory.

Sins

Mary Tudor was a devout

Catholic

Wycliffe's criticism attacked the sacrament of _.

Communion

The concept of _ was introduced so that an individual could physically demonstrate their repentance.

Temporal Punishment

Luther was outraged at selling indulgences, and in response wrote the ___.

Tetzel, 95 Theses

The ___ was a plague which stopped the growth of population in Europe.

Black Death

Money cannot have ___ value nor ____ value, if it did the value (would/would not) fluctuate wildly.

Use, Real

At the end of the Catholic Reformation, the majority of Northern Europe was __ and the majority of Southern Europe was .

Protestant, Catholic

Many people thought that their _ needs were not being satisfied by the clergy.

Spiritual

The money Tetzel earned from selling indulgences went to building ____.

St. Peter's Cathedral

Excommunication was the action of officially excluding someone from participation in the __ and of the church.

Sacraments, Services

There are ___ Cardinals in the College of Cardinals.

120

The College of Cardinals are responsible for voting on the new _.

Pope

The Babylonian Captivity lasted between ____ and ____.

1307, 1389

The War promoted feelings of nationalism in the French and English.

Hundred Years'

Luther believed that priests had no

Special Powers

Complaints about the worsening economic situation were aimed at the .

Church

Since the end of the Babylonian Captivity, the papacy has been located in the .

Holy See

The Great Schism was resolved by the council with support from the Holy Roman Emperor _.

Sigismund

The plague went hand in hand with depressed business conditions that caused decline.

Economic

The first pope after the Babylonian Captivity was .

Urban VI

Wycliffe believed that the Scriptures should be made available in the _ language.

Vernacular

A _ government is one that claims to treat all its citizens equally regardless of religion.

Secular

The peasants blamed the church and not the government, because the government was really only responsible for conducting _.

Warfare

Anabaptists put forward the idea of __ between church and state.

Separation

To be _ is to be recognized as a saint.

Canonized

The 7 sacraments are , , , , , ___, __.

Baptism, Confession, Communion, Confirmation, Marriage, Holy Orders, Last Rites

The pope provoked Henry VIII to separate Briton from the Catholic church by denying an _ of his marriage.

Anullment

and ___ are the only sacraments not needed to enter Heaven.

Marriage, Holy Orders

People called out the church for being _, criticizing it for being too focused on owning property and other material things.

Worldly

The church wanted to keep the Bible strictly in _, the holy language, because it was a large source of their power.

Latin

Suicide is a sin that sends you straight to ____.

Hell

Purgatory is a theological doctrine that aims to solve the paradox of __.

Justice vs. Mercy

A part of temporal punishments involved doing __, which were charitable deeds.

Good works

King Henry VIII only had one son, .

Edward VI

The Anglican Church services followed the Book of _.

Common Prayer

Jesus dies on the cross to forgive ___.

Human Sin

Although the archbishop of Prague asked him to leave the city, ___ continued to gain support preaching and working in the countryside.

Hus

King Henry VIII wanted to annul his marriage with Catherine of Aragon because they were not able to produce a _.

Male Heir

The Pope denied King Henry VIII's requests in fear of losing support from the ____.

Holy Roman Emperor

_ is an undefined place, only spiritual and conceptual.

Purgatory

Luther nailed his theses on the ____.

Church door

_ were committed to spreading the Catholic faith worldwide by setting up schools that taught humanist and Catholic beliefs.

Jesuits

The faculty at Wittenberg (does/does not) support Luther.

Does

While in hiding, Luther's work inspired the revolt.

Peasants'

The princes also had a personal agenda, to maintain _ over their state.

Power

The local lords' power comes from their ____.

Army

Calvin created a theocratic society in the city of .

Geneva

_ is a process of purification of the soul after death.

Purgatory

Elizabeth I affirmed that the _ was the head of the Anglican Church.

Monarch

During the Great Schism, the monarchy refused allegiance to any pope.

French

Elizabeth I adopted a policy of religious compromise later known as the .

Elizabethan Settlement

Luther's style of argument was heavily influenced by the education he received when working towards a career as a .

Lawyer

Wycliffe was a student, teacher, and preacher at University.

Oxford

believed that the church should not own any property or have any temporal power.

Wycliffe

Luther swore to become a monk if he was spared in a violent _.

Storm

Elizabeth I was the daughter of King Henry VIII and ___.

Anne Boleyn

Wycliffe's attacks implied he believed that the priests didn't have any _.

Special Powers

Mr Willecke's dogs are named ___ and _____.

Ana, Albus

Feelings of ___ made English and Italian people furious when the papacy moved during the Babylonian Captivity.

Nationalism

Hundred Years' War ended with no longer being the language of the English Court.

French

Luther's teaching of ___ claimed that confession, good works, nor indulgences were needed for salvation and it was entirely based on belief.

'Faith Alone'

Medieval people weren't that concerned with abuses, simply wanted the church to provide good ____.

Religious services

Luther's theses became widespread by the .

Printing Press

___ was the church abuse of enjoying the fruits of offices while leaving the actual work to underpaid and uneducated substitutes.

Absenteeism

In an attempt to raise revenue, Popes allowed the practice of , the buying and selling of church offices.

Simony

Wycliffe denied the doctrine of ____.

Transubstantiation

The Council of _ was created to resolve the Great Schism.

Constance

The _ demanded an end to serfdom.

Peasants' Revolt

The Holy Roman Emperor at the time of King Henry VIII's request for a marriage annulment was Catherine's .

Nephew

___ believed that only adults should receive the sacrament of baptism.

Anabaptists

__ was the only surviving child of King Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon.

Mary Tudor

The __ passed in ____ made King Henry VIII "the only supreme head on Earth of the Church of England."

Acts of Supremacy, 1534

King Henry VIII gained the title for writing a pamphlet denouncing _.

'Defender of the Faith', Luther

Calvinists in Scotland led by _ established the ____ church.

John Knox, Scottish Presbyterian

_ Guelphs wanted more freedom from the papacy

White