Lab Exam 2 Locomotion, Cranial Kinesis, Joints

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34 Terms

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aquatic

live in water

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terrestrial

move on land

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cursorial

rapid running 

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arboreal

move in trees

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brachiation

arm swinging under tree branches

  • arboreal

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fossorial 

digging / burrowing 

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saltatorial

hopping / jumping

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aerial

flying

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stride length adaptations (distance)

  • spine extension and flexion

  • long limbs

  • foot posture

  • shoulder function

  • reduced clavicle

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stride rate adaptions (speed)

  • reduced distal limb weight 

  • fewer bones 

  • Muscles bunched near shoulder

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Cranial kinesis

joint movement between upper jaw and braincase

  • teleost fish

  • snakes

  • birds

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<p>temporal fenestra </p>

temporal fenestra

allow for muscle attachment

  • space by the zygomatic arch

  • mandible movement

  • lightens skull

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<p>sesamoid bones </p>

sesamoid bones

reduce tension pressure on joints

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<p>3</p>

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synovial membrane

  • lines joints and tendon sheaths

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<p>1</p>

1

ligament 

  • connects bones

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<p>2</p>

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joint capsule 

  • fibrous connective tissue enclosing a joint 

  • stability and protection 

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<p>4</p>

4

bone marrow

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<p>5 </p>

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articular cartilage 

  • connective tissue covers the end of bones in synovial joints 

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<p>6</p>

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synovial fluid

  • lubricates and cushions the joints 

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<p>1&nbsp;</p>

lateral collateral ligament 

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<p>2</p>

2

medial collateral ligament

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<p>3</p>

3

lateral meniscus

  • Fibrocartilage

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<p>4</p>

4

medial meniscus

  • fibrocartilage

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<p>6</p>

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anterior cruciate ligament 

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<p>7</p>

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articular cartilage

  • hyaline cartilage 

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<p>8</p>

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femur

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<p>9</p>

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tibia

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branchiation adaptations 

  • defined clavicle 

  • cup shaped and opposable thumbs 

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fossorial adaptation 

  • long manus 

  • prominent olecranon 

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saltatorial adaptation

  • long rear limbs

  • prominent causal and sacral vertebrae

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aerial adaptation

  • fused vertebrae and leg bones

  • keel bone = light bone

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<p>1</p>

1

posterior cruciate ligament

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<p>2</p>

2

anterior cruciate ligament

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secondary plate

  • bony and soft tissue that separates the oral and nasal cavity

  • secondary ossification at epiphyses