Unit 7, Set 1: World War I

Tanzimat Reforms

Series of reforms in the Ottoman Empire between 1839 and 1876; established Western-style universities, state postal system, railways, extensive legal reforms; resulted in creation of new constitution in 1876

Young Turks

A coalition starting in the late 1870s of various groups favoring modernist liberal reform of the Ottoman Empire. It was against the monarchy of the Ottoman Sultan and instead favored a constitution. In 1908 they succeed in establishing a new constitutional era.

Taiping Rebellion

(1850-1864) A revolt by the people of China against the ruling Manchu Dynasty because of their failure to deal effectively with the opium problem and the interference of foreigners.

Self-Strengthening Movement

A late nineteenth century movement in which the Chinese modernized their army and encouraged Western investment in factories and railways

Militarism

A policy of glorifying military power and keeping a standing army always prepared for war

Triple Entente

A military alliance between Great Britain, France, and Russia in the years preceding World War I.

Triple Alliance

An alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy in the years before WWI.

Self-determination

Concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Archduke of Austria Hungary assassinated by a Serbian in 1914. His murder was one of the causes of WW I.

Black Hand Society

Serbian nationalist group responsible for the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914

Total War

A conflict in which the participating countries devote all their resources to the war effort

Treaty of Versailles

Treaty that ended WWI. It blamed Germany for WWI and handed down harsh punishment.

Mandate System

Allocation of former German colonies and Ottoman possessions to the victorious powers after World War I; to be administered under League of Nations supervision.

League of Nations

A world organization established in 1920 to promote international cooperation and peace. It was first proposed in 1918 by President Woodrow Wilson, although the United States never joined the League.

Indian National Congress

Indian nationalist group formed to work for rights and power for Indians under British rule.