APUSH Unit Review: Vocabulary Flashcards

Flashcards generated from lecture notes to help students review key vocabulary.

Capitalism

An economic system based on private ownership and free exchange.

Joint stock companies

A limited liability organization in which a plurality of investors pool their money to fund a venture.

Encomienda system

A colonial labor system in which the Spanish are known as encomenderos that enslaved native people to farm and mine in the Americas.

Columbian exchange

Transfer of people, animals, plants, and diseases from the east to the west and west to the east.

Enlightenment

Movements among the elite emphasized rational thinking over tradition and religious relations. Print culture spread ideas of enlightenment. Introduced colonies idea of natural rights.

Great Awakening

Massive religious revival that swept through all colonies and generated intense Christian enthusiasm.

Salutary neglect

A term used to describe British colonial policy during the reigns of George I (r. 1714–1727) and George II (r. 1727–1760). By relaxing their supervision of internal colonial affairs, royal bureaucrats inadvertently assisted the rise of self-government in North America.

Quartering Act 1765

Even though the war was over, troops remained in American colonies to make sure rules were followed. Colonists had to house these soldiers.

Stamp Act 1765

Tax on all paper items such as newspapers, contracts, and letters.

XYZ Affair

A 1797 incident in which American negotiators in France were rebuffed for refusing to pay a substantial bribe. The incident led the United States into an undeclared war that curtailed American trade with the French West Indies.

Alien and Sedition Acts

Federalist-dominated Congress said alien acts made it easy to deport any non-citizen of the US aimed at Irish and Scottish who opposed fed sympathy.

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

Democratic Republicans responded saying any law passed by the government that isn't constitutional will be nullified by states.

Whiskey Rebellion of 1794

Tax on whiskey made. Farmers attacked tax collectors. Washington federalized state militias to crush rebellion, which enraged people who opposed feds.

Indian Trade and Intercourse Act

Law regulated relations among settlers and Indians and made fair dealings, but settlers ignored it.

Three-Fifths Compromise

Count up all enslaved people in the state, take 3/5, and add those seats into the House of Representatives.

Shays' Rebellion

Farmers led by Daniel Shays armed themselves and caused chaos, which displayed the weakness of the Articles of Confederation.

Mercantilism

Those who saw the world saw a fixed amount of wealth, and the state's goal was to gain the most of that wealth as possible. More exports than imports, and more silver and gold coming in.

Intolerable Acts

Colonies called these pieces of legislation intolerable.

Social Contract

Argument that people were in a contract with their government. Since the people were in charge, their job was to deliver power to the government so they could protect natural rights. If they couldn't, they would attack.

Slave Codes

Slaves were considered chattel property, and slavery was made into generational things, which grew the labor force.