chapter 32: cold war | ap world

cold war

tensions between the US and SU after WWII

espionage

spying

Potsdam Conference

Europe divided into East and West (Iron Curtain), Korea is divided, Japan is occupied by US, Germany pays reparations

Eastern Bloc

Eastern countries + SU

Marshall Plan

US provided financial aid to W. Europe

Nuremberg Trials

Nazi war criminals were tried for crimes against humanity

Berlin Airlift

the W. delivered food to Eastern Germany

NATO

military alliance formed in 1949 in competition to the SU

Warsaw Pact

E. European countries, made in comp to NATO

Technocrat

someone who advocates for or implements government and societal systems based on scientific knowledge, applying technology to guide decision-making

European Union

a common market/economy between European countries, common currency, free movement of labor, reduction of tariffs, if one country needs help–everyone has to

Nafta

a trade agreement between North American countries that eliminated tariffs (Canada, US, Mexico), creation of an integrated market

Truman Doctrine

Truman promised military aid to any country willing to fight communism (Greece, Turkey)

Red Scare

fear of communism

CIA

agency all about spying

Containment Policy

US policy of containing communism using any means necessary

Domino Theory

when one country falls to communism, so will the ones next to it

Korean War

Post WWII, Korea was divided → N. supported by SU, S. supported by west, 1950 N. attacked S., results → demilitarized zone separates the countries, over 2 mil Koreans died, border at 38th parallel, N. comm, S. cap

DMZ

demilitarized zone

Brinkmanship

the act of going to the edge of war

Geneva Conference

1954, focused on resolving conflicts in Asia, led to the division of Vietnam

Gulf of Tonkin

US escalation of involvement in the Vietnam war

Tet Offensive

a series of attacks launched by N. Vietnam forces across S. Vietnam during the Tet holiday of Vietnam

vietnamization

strategy implemented by the US during Vietnam war to reduce American involvement by transferring the responsibility of combat to S. Vietnamese forces from US

Ho Chi Minh

leader of Vietnam who founded the Vietnamese communist party

Boat people

Viet refugees who fled Vietnam by boat in late 1970s-80s after the Vietnam war

feminism

movement advocating for women’s rights, 1960s new fem: social equality

destalinization

undoing the things that Stalin did, instituted by Khrushchev

Khruschev

did destalinization, leader during the CMC, liberal leader of Russia from 1953-64

solidarity

a trade union movement in Poland that developed into a mass campaign for political change and inspired opposition to communist regimes across Eastern Europe during 1980s

List 4 ways the cold war was fought

1. Indirect confrontations

2. Competition in sports, science, and space

3. Arms race

4. Propaganda

List 4 political changes in Europe during the Cold War

1. European Union

2. The division of Germany, W. being occupied by W. Europe, E. occupied by SU

3. Spread of liberal democracy in W. Europe

4. Constitutions → universal manhood suffrage

List 3 characteristics of the US during the Cold War

1. Creation of the CIA and Defense Department

2. Containment policy, containing communism using any means necessary

3. New-feminism, focus on social equality

List 3 different characteristics of the SU during the Cold War

1. Creation of the atomic bomb

2. No consumerism

3. Controlled E. Europe, comm govs

What were the results of the indirect confrontations during the Cold War?

1. Korea

   1. DMZ separates the countries

   2. Over 2 mil Koreans killed

   3. Border is still the same, 38th parallel

2. Vietnam

   1. Is divided into N. and S., US tries to stop the spread of communism

   2. N. took over the South, whole country is communist

3. Germany

   1. West allowed refugees from East Berlin to West

   2. 1961: SU built Berlin wall

   3. US had to decide whether or not to go to war, ultimately did not (brinkmanship)

Describe Khrushchev’s policies in the SU

1. 1953-64

2. Destalinization

3. Liberal

4. Focused on building the military and also economic policies

5. Wanted to modernize

Describe life as Russian women during the Cold War

1. Equal to men in law

2. Had to work in the home as well as the workforce

3. Social pressure to conform to traditional roles

How was life different in Russia after the death of Stalin?

1. Khruschev took over, destalinization

2. Then Brezhnev, detente and SALT

3. Gorbachev, glasnost, perestroika

Describe the Soviet economy during the Cold War

1. No consumerism

2. Most funding was to military

3. Focus on production of heavy industry and weapons

How was Eastern Europe affected by the Cold War?

1. Communist govs controlled by SU

2. Propaganda

3. Repression of opposing views

4. East Germans tried fleeing to the West

5. Eventual fall of communism and transition to market economies and democracy

Describe the changes in women throughout the West during the Cold War

1. New-feminism → social equality

   1. Divorce rates increased

   2. Access to birth control and abortion

   3. Work outside of the home

Describe Western economies during the Cold War

1. Agriculture grew and fed the growing population

2. Industry grew, weapons

3. Service sector, healthcare

4. Low unemployment rates

5. Labor shortages

   1. Women and immigrants encouraged to work

6. Standard of living increased, more disposable income

7. Increase in consumer goods

8. European union

9. Welfare state to decrease the gap between rich and poor

What are characteristics of a welfare state?

1. Welfare state– a country that adopts socialist programs to decrease the gap between the rich and the poor

2. New programs reduce economic inequality

   1. Unemployment insurance

   2. Medical care

   3. Housing

Describe Germany after WWII

1. Split into West Germany (West) and East Germany (SU)

2. West Germany was more prosperous than East Germany because it was not communist, also was aided by Marshall Plan

3. Refugees from East Germany, SU got mad, Berlin Wall built (1961)

4. Almost went to war, didn’t (brinkmanship)

5. Germany later became wealthiest country in the world, standard of living increased tremendously

Where did nuclear technology spread during the Cold War?

US, SU, strong Western European countries, Japan

What are examples of Brinkmanship?

Germany, Cuban Missile Crisis