Chapter 3 - Water

Buffers

________ are essential for keeping pH levels in live cells generally constant.

Acids

________ raise the relative concentration of H+ ions in a solution, whereas bases raise the concentration of OH- ions in a solution.

Biological systems

________ can be extremely sensitive to pH fluctuations.

Covalent bonds

________ (shared electrons) exist between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms in water.

Oxygen

________ has a high electronegativity (ability to attract electrons), whereas hydrogen has a low electronegativity.

polar covalent bond

Because oxygen has a higher electronegativity than hydrogen, the electrons in this link are shared unequally, resulting in a(n) ________.

Water molecules

________ are "sticky, "exhibiting cohesive and adhesive properties.

polar molecule

Water is a(n) ________ and because of its polarity, it may create hydrogen bonds.

Pure water

________ will dissociate and create equal amounts of H+ and OH- ions, yielding a pH of 7.

The pH of a water-based solution is determined by the quantity of dissociated water molecules (split into H+ ions and OH

ions) and the relative quantities of these ions

Pure water will dissociate and create equal amounts of H+ and OH

ions, yielding a pH of 7

Acids raise the relative concentration of H+ ions in a solution, whereas bases raise the concentration of OH

ions in a solution