Q2 DRRR

Hydrometeorological Hazards

• natural processess of phenomena that are atmospheric, hydrologic, or oceanographic nature

• these hazards may cause the loss of livs, damages to property, social and economic disruption, or environmental degradation

1. typhoon

2. thunderstorm

3. storm surge

4. flood

5. flash flood

signs of impending hydrometeorological hazards

typhoon

• a violent tropical cyclone that forms over warm waters, north of the equator in the Western Pacific oCEAN

• CONtains wind rotating counterclockwise, with a speed of 118-220 km/h

thunderstorm

• A small-scale storm accompanied by lightning and thunder

• A typical thunderstorm only lasts about 30 minutes to an hour and may cover an area as small as 5km in diameter

• They bring out hazards such as strong winds and heavy rainfall. 

• In extreme cases, they may be accompanied by hail or a tornado.

stormsurge

• A rapid rise of seawater above normal sea level on the coast, generated by strong winds brought about by typhoons and thunderstorms.

• Rather fast and unexpected hazard that can sneak in anytime during a storm, unlike a tsunami.

flood

• occurs when land areas that are normally not covered with water are submerged, often after heavy and continuous rainfall. 

flash flood

• characterized by a raging current that occurs when the water level rises due to heavy rainfall. 

• Last from a few minutes to a few hours only.

hydrometeorological hazard maps

• A guide that highlights areas that are vulnerable to potential hazards like storm surge, typhoon, and flood. 

• Created to identify the areas that are prone to or affected by these hydrometeorological hazards.

• It can also help prevent serious damage and deaths

• Can inform people about where they can relocate before they are affected by the disaster

1. barograph

2. doppler radar

3. ceiling light projector

4. clinometer

5. ceiling balloon

6. theodolite

7. thermograph

8. radiosonde

9. rawinsonde

10. wind finding radar

11. weather surveillance radar

12. weather satellite

tools for monitoring hydrometeorological hazards

barograph

• a barometer that reads and records atmospheric pressure continuously

doppler radar

• calculates the motion of precipitation, estimates its type, and determines the structure of storms and their potential to cause severe weather

ceiling light projector

• projects a light beam to the clouds

clinometer

• determines the height of the cloud base by measuring the distance from the cloud base to the ground

ceiling balloon

• a balloon filled with hydrogen or other gas lighter than air, which is used to determine the height of the cloud base.

• This is done by measuring the time that the balloon disappears into the clouds from the time it is released.

theodolite

• determines the wind speed and direction.

• It is attached to a hydrogen-filled pilot balloon and is allowed to float in the atmosphere at different heights to reach its different levels.

thermograph

• an instrument that measures and records air temperature continuously

radiosonde

• an instrument attached to a balloon that is used to measure temperature, pressure, and relative humidity in the atmosphere.

• It is equipped with a transmitter that sends data to a receiver on the ground.

rawinsonde

• like a radiosonde, but it is also capable of measuring wind velocity

wind finding radar

• measures wind speed and direction through radar echoes. 

weather surveillance radar

• it detects and monitors the track of typhoons and cloud masses within 400 kilometers

weather satellite

• provides the synoptic view and coverage area of a weather disturbance and the capability to relay weather data from remote automatic weather stations

fire

The rapid oxidation of a flammable material is accompanied by the production of light and heat

1. feat

2. oxygen

3. fuel

elements of a fire

1. incipient stage

2. growth stage

3. fully developed stage

4. decay stage

stages of fire

incipient stage

• a stage wherein ignition has occurred, but there has been no spread

growth stage

• a stage wherein a fire is self-sustaining

fully developed stage

a stage wherein the fire is at its hottest point, burning all its available fuels

decay stage

• a stage wherein the fire is running out of fuel, but is still very dangerous. This is the longest stage.

spontaneous combustion

• occurs when an object produces its own heat without absorbing heat from its surroundings.

R - RESCUE

A - ALARM

C - CONFINE 

E - EXTINGUISHER

RACE and Fire extinguisher use

P - PULL pin

A - AIM the nozzle at the base of the fire

S = SQUEEZE or press the handle

S - SWEEP from side to side

Proper use of fire extinguisher (PASS)

landslide

• A massive outward and downward movement of slope-forming material

• It is restricted to the movements of rocks and soil masses.

• Caused by storms, earthquakes, volcanoes, or other factors that make the slope unstable

1. Rotational

2. Transformational block

3. Rockfall

4. Topple

5. Debris flow

6. Debris avalanches 

Types of Landslides

1. geology

2. morphology

3. human activity

3 major causes of landslides

Geology

1. refers to the material of the soil or rock in the area, or can be the layers of earth that have weakened or stiffened in some part

morphology

1. refers to the structure of the land.

2. The soil or rock has weakened through the loss of vegetation or its root system, which holds the soil in place.

human activity

1. to make way for agriculture and construction, trees need to be cut down. Irrigation, deforestation, and excavation can weaken the integrity of the earth.

rainfall-induced landslide

• Occurs due to prolonged or heavy rainfall, increasing the weight of the land mass

• Can form debris flows when they mix with additional water and sediments from their path

• It may take several days, but the landslide itself will only take a few minutes to cause a disaster

sinkhole

• A depression or hole caused by the collapse of the surface layer of the ground

Common where the rock below the land surface is limestone, carbonate rock, salt beds, or rocks that can naturally be dissolved by groundwate

Natural Cause

caused by physical pr chemical

Man made causes

caused by drilling, mining, rosd construction, and broken water or underground

1. solution sinkhole

   1. dissolution

2. cover subsidence sinkhole

3. cover collapse sinkhole

types of sinkhole

Solution sinkhole

• Common in areas that have a thin cover of soil on the surface of the ground, which exposes the bedrock to water erosion

cover subsidence sinkhole

• Occurs when the bedrock is covered by a deep layer of soil and earth

cover collapse sinkhole

• Occur when the bedrock is covered by soil and materials that are not well-knitted together.

• Made mostly of clay or sand.

geologic hazard maps

• A map showing the areas that are vulnerable to earthquake threats, volcanic eruptions, and landslides.

• A tool that scientists and local authorities use to anticipate any hazard that a geological event could bring.