APUSH TEST #2 - CHAPTER 29 & 30 KEY TERMS

World War I - Great Depression

Underwood Tariff

Reduced import fees to lower the cost of goods for consumers.

Federal Reserve Act

Established a system to keep money in reserve, inspired by the panic of 1907.

Federal Trade Commission Act

Ensured that large companies did not misrepresent their practices and laws.

Clayton Antitrust Act

Aimed to prevent large companies from gaining excessive power.

Holding Companies

Corporations that own controlling interests in other companies to increase their influence.

Working Men's Compensation Act

Provided insurance for workers who were injured on the job.

Adamson Act

Established an 8-hour workday for railroad workers and mandated paid overtime.

Jones Act

Granted the Philippines independence contingent upon the establishment of a stable government.

Tampico Incident

An incident where a small number of Americans were accidentally captured by Mexican forces. Was mediated by Argentina, Brazil, and Chile. (ABC)

Central Powers

The alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire during WWI.

Allies

The coalition of France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, and Japan during WWI.

U-boats

Powerful German submarines used during WWI.

Lusitania

A British passenger ship sunk by Germans, leading to increased tensions with the U.S.

Zimmerman Note

A secret communication proposing a German-Mexican alliance.

14 Points

President Wilson's proposal for peace and a framework for post-war international relations.

Committee on Public Information

Created to shape U.S. public opinion in support of World War I.

Espionage Act

Legislation aimed at preventing the leaking of national security information during wartime.

Schneck v US

A Supreme Court case involving the imprisonment of a man for violating the Espionage Act.

War Industries Board

Established to coordinate and boost war supplies production.

Industrial Workers of the World

A labor union known as the Wobblies, advocating for workers' rights.

General Strike

A significant strike by 35,000 Seattle shipbuilders demanding higher wages.

Great Migration

The movement of African Americans fleeing Jim Crow laws in the South.

19th Amendment

Granted women the right to vote in the United States.

Shepherd Towner Maternity Act

Provided financial assistance to women after childbirth, promoting family welfare.

American Expeditionary Forces

U.S. military forces sent to Europe to support Allied efforts in WWI.

Battle of Chateau-Thierry

A battle led by General Pershing where American forces faced defeat.

Meuse Argonne Offensive

The largest offensive by the AEF, lasting 47 days on the Western Front.

League of Nations

An international organization aimed at promoting peace and cooperation among nations.

Treaty of Versailles

The agreement that ended WWI, criticized for its ineffectiveness and contentious nature.

Irreconcilables

Senators who opposed the Treaty of Versailles, primarily from the Republican Party.

Luis D Brandeis

The first Jewish Supreme Court Justice nominated by President Wilson.

Victoriano Huerta

A Mexican general and president known for his controversial rule.

Francisco Villa

A Mexican revolutionary leader involved in the fight against Huerta.

Arthur Zimmerman

The German official who authored the Zimmerman Note proposing an alliance with Mexico.

George Creel

A journalist and head of the Committee on Public Information, known for his propaganda efforts.

Eugene V Debs

A leader of the Industrial Workers of the World, arrested under the Espionage Act. Ran for president in prison.

William D Haywood

A prominent leader of the Industrial Workers of the World.

Herbert C Hoover

Promoted food conservation during WWI with initiatives like "Wheatless Wednesdays."

Alice Paul

A key leader in the women's suffrage movement, particularly within the National Woman's Party.

Henry Cabot Lodge

A senator who opposed Wilson and the Treaty of Versailles, leading to political conflict.

Solemn Referendum

Another name for the 1920 election

Scientific Management

Improving economy through actual studies and analysis.

Fordism

Use of assembly lines employing unskilled workers for repetitive tasks.

United Negro Improvement Association

Founded by Marcus Garvey to help African Americans reclaim their land.

Harlem Renaissance

A cultural movement led by African American artists in the early 20th century.

Bolshevik Revolution

A significant revolution in Russia that drew American attention.

Red Scare

Fear that immigrants were communists, leading to bombings and paranoia.

Criminal Syndicalism Laws

Laws prohibiting advocacy of violence.

Indian Citizenship Act of 1924

Granted citizenship to Native Americans born in the US, but denied voting rights.

Eighteenth Amendment

Prohibition of alcohol, leading to widespread controversy.

Volstead Act

Made it illegal to produce, sell, or consume alcohol.

Racketeers

Individuals engaged in fraud or bootlegging activities.

Bible Belt

Region from North Carolina to Oklahoma where Protestant Fundamentalism thrived.

Scopes Trial

A legal case involving a teacher arrested for teaching evolution.

Fundamentalism

Strict adherence to religious texts like the Bible or Quran.

Modernism

Movement aimed at changing old views through revitalization and experimentation.

Lost Generation

Individuals who came of age during World War I.

Bureau of the Budget

Allowed the President to control national spending and submit a budget to Congress.

Adkins v Children’s Hospital

Court case that changed labor laws for women, recognizing their equality.

Nine-Power Treaty

Agreement for all nations to respect China's sovereignty.

Kellogg-Briand Act

International agreement to renounce war as a means of resolving disputes.

Fordney-McCumber Tariff Law

Raised tariffs on imports, prompting reciprocal tariffs from Europe.

Teapot Dome Scandal

A scandal involving illegal oil leases by the Interior Secretary.

McNary-Haugen Bill

Proposed government purchase of surplus crops to stabilize prices.

Dawes Plan

Financial plan where America loaned money to Germany to facilitate reparations payments.

Agricultural Marketing Act

Legislation to support farmers and stabilize agricultural prices.

Hawley-Smoot Tariff

High tariff law that worsened the Great Depression.

Black Tuesday

The day the stock market crashed, marking the start of the Great Depression.

Muscle Shoals Act

granted a dam to be build in Tennessee

Hoovervilles

Makeshift shantytowns built by homeless people during Hoover's presidency.

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

Provided financial support to banks and businesses during the Great Depression.

Norris-La Guardia Anti-Injunction Act

Protected nonviolent strikes and labor unions from government intervention.

Bonus Expeditionary Force

Group of veterans protesting for bonuses, met with military force.

Cummins Transportation Act

Returned railroads back to private owners

A. Mitchell Palmer

Attorney General known for his raids against suspected radicals.

Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti

Italian immigrants accused of robbery and murder, sparking controversy.

Horace Kallen

Advocate for pluralism and immigrant rights in the US.

Randolph Bourne

Promoted the idea of embracing diversity in American society.

Al Capone

Notorious gangster involved in bootlegging, arrested for tax evasion.

John T Scopes

Teacher arrested for teaching evolution in violation of state law.

Fredrick W Taylor

Known as the father of Scientific Management.

Henry Ford

Innovator of the assembly line, making cars affordable for the lower class.

Charles A Lindbergh

Aviator famous for the first solo transatlantic flight.

Margaret Sanger

Pioneer of birth control advocacy and opened the first clinic.

Sigmund Freud

Psychologist who advocated for sexual liberation.

H L Mencken

Journalist known for his coverage of the Scopes Trial.

F Scott Fitzgerald

Renowned author associated with the Jazz Age and the Lost Generation.

Ernest Hemingway

Influential author known for his distinct writing style.

T S Eliot

Celebrated poet and playwright of the 20th century.

William Faulkner

Notable author known for his complex narratives and themes.

Langston Hughes

Prominent poet and activist of the Harlem Renaissance.

Warren G Harding

President known for the Sheppard-Towner Maternity Act and his untimely death.

Albert B Fall

Key figure in the Teapot Dome Scandal.

Calvin Coolidge

Harding's VP known for his pro-business policies and high tariffs.

John W Davis

Democratic candidate who lost to Coolidge in the presidential

Alfred E. (Al) Smith

Ran from the progressivists against Coolidge and Davis, but lost

Herbert Hoover

President after Coolidge who was famous before presidency for his efforts to save America from starvation during WW1