Feed for Ruminants

roughages

cheapest source of nutrients

roughages

fibrous herbage plants or by products of agro-infustrial enterprise

roughages

supports rumen health

2-3kg

goats fed with — of fresh leaves

goats

access to tree and shrub leaves

consume plants with atural antihelminthic and chemotherapeutic effects

<10%

cattle must consume — of diet dry matter to maximize efficiency

roughages

grasses

legumes

crop by-products

tree/shrub leaves

browse

usually given to goats

browse

higher levels of crude protein and phosphorus during their growing season than do grasses

excessive tannins

may also increase sulfur requirements

grazing or browsing tannin-containing plants

may help control many species of internal nematode parasities

concentrates

provide the nutrients that forage alone cannot provide often is necessary, particularly with high-producing animals

concentrates

feeds that are low in fiber and high in energy content

energy feeds

include cereal grains such as corn, barley, wheat, oats, milo and rye

energy feeds

high in phosphorus content, but low in calcium

energy feeds

can cause urinary calculi in whethers and intact males

inadequate Ca can also lead to milk fever in pregnant or lactating does

protein feeds

animal or plant origin

protein feeds

plant proteins: soybean meal and cottonseed meal

protein feeds

meat and bone meal

protein quantity

— is generally more important than protein quality

protein — energy — nitrogen

protein becomes —

rice bran

feedng balue is related to the amount of finely ground rice hull mixed with bran

corn bran

lower fat content compared to rice bran

copra meal

good source of both energy and protein for goats

cane molasses

a good energy source, low in protein content