Y12 Biology - Cells

Active Site

A specific shaped part of an enzyme where the substrate fits

Active transport

The movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high which requires energy

Aerobic respiration

Respiration in the presence of oxygen

Anabolic enzyme

An enzyme that takes small molecules and joins them together

Anaerobic respiration

Respiration with limited oxygen

Catabolic enzyme

An enzyme which takes large molecules and breaks them up

Cell wall

Rigid layer of cells found only in plants

Chlorophyll

Pigment found in plants which gives the plant its green colour

Chloroplast

Site of photosynthesis

Cristae

Part of mitochondria (the folds) where the electron transfer chain occurs

Denature

The changing in the shape of the active site of an enzyme, so the substrate can no longer fit - caused by high temperatures and incorrect pH

DNA meaning

Deoxyribose nucleic acid

Diffusion

The movement of materials from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

DNA replication

The copying of DNA before the cell divides

Enzymes

Biological catalysts which speed up biochemical reactions in an organism

Facilitated Diffusion

A form of passive transport where molecules move across the cell membrane through the membrane proteins

Flaccid

A cell that is limp and floppy

G1 of cell cycle

The stage in the cell cycle where the cell grows and does its job

G2 of cell cycle

The stage in the cell cycle where the replicated chromosomes are checked for mistakes

Golgi body

Part of a cell where proteins are modified and packaged

Grana

Part of chloroplast where the light stage occurs

Hypertonic Solution

A solution with a high concentration of solute, therefore a low concentration of water