NCP - Types of Medical Diet

Nutrition care process

A systematic approach used by dietetics professionals to evaluate and treat nutrition-related problems

18.5 - 24.9

What is the normal BMI range?

Food and Nutrient Delivery

It is an individualized approach for nutrition support that can be given orally, enterally or parenterally depending on clinical status of the client.

Oral nutritional supplements

Sterile liquids, semi-solids, powders that provide nutrients. Widely used within the acute & community health settings.

Enteral nutrition

Any method of feeding that uses the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

Short term enteral access tubes

Placed into the nose or orally. Provides a means to meet patient nutrient needs.

Long term enteral access tubes

Allows short or long-term delivery of nutrients to the digestive tract. For patients who cannot maintain requirements orally & GIT obstruction.

Gastro - Jejunum Tube

Used when large amounts of food are vomited out. End-tube through abdominal wall into small intestine (jejunum). Placed so that liquid food is delivered straight to small intestine.

Gastrostomy Tube

End-tube through abdominal wall into stomach. Placed so that liquid food is delivered straight to stomach.

Parenteral nutrition

It is the delivery of calories & nutrients into a vein.

Total parenteral nutrition

Long term parenteral nutrition that provides total nutritional intake. Administered to large veins (vena cava & subclavian).

Peripheral parenteral nutrition

Short term parenteral nutrition that provides partial/supplemental sources of nutrients. Administered to small veins.

Therapeutic diet

Meal plan that controls the intake of certain foods/nutrients. Normally prescribed by a physician & planned by a dietician.

Cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and GI diseases

What conditions require a therapeutic diet?

Diet therapy

Nutritional therapy, a diet specially prescribed to treat a health condition through gradual elimination and/or integration of specific foods

Clear liquid diet

Diet that consists of transparent foods that have no or low residue & fat. Aims to prevent dehydration or to clear the git. Examples include water, tea, sports drinks

Full liquid diet

More liberal than a clear liquid diet (viscous consistency). Administered in small frequent feeding. Examples includes yogurt, smoothie, pureed eggs

Coffee, tea, alcohol and soda

What should be avoided under a full liquid diet?

Soft diet

Given after a full liquid diet. Special diet containing only foods that are bland and soft in texture

Balanced diet

A diet that contains the combinations of foods which provide the normal proportions of complete nutrients

Bland diet

CAP-free, diet that consists of easily digested foods that do not irritate the digestive tract

Cold diet

Tonsil diet, consists of cold and iced smooth liquids, designed to minimize pain in the oral cavity and avoid bleeding of the affected area.

Constipating diet

Low residue, fiber, fat diet that aids in stool formation. Recommended for LBM.

Diabetic diet

Calculated diet, balanced diet measured to provide the number of exchanges/servings. Based on the individual's caloric requirement.

High-calorie diet

Used for patients who have athletic events. Meal plan needs to be above the caloric requirement & actual food intake.

High-fiber diet

It is a modified balanced diet with higher fiber content.

High-protein diet

Diet prescribed for growth & repair. Calls for 15g of protein/kg ideal body weight.

Hypoallergenic diet

Diet that eliminates foods that contain identified allergens. Depends on the person's sensitivity.

Individualization

This is important in a hypoallergenic diet because reactions to certain food may vary.

Low cholesterol diet

Diet that limits food choices to only those with little/no cholesterol. Planned so that cholesterol intake is no more than 300 mg per day.

Low fat diet

Diet that allows a minimal amount of dietary fat. Comprises less than or equal to 15% of the total caloric requirement.

Low protein diet

Diet that limits amount of intake of protein foods. Ranges from 20-40 grams per day.

Tube feeding

Provision of blended food to the stomach through a tube

Standard tube feeding

It is a milk-based formulation feeding with sugar and soft cooked eggs.

Blenderized tube feeding

It consists of soft diet allowances which can be blenderized easily, administered via NGT.