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Presidential
________: separate legislative and executive branches.
Government
the institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies Its impossible to have government (the institution) without politics (the process)
Public Policies
everything a government decides to do
Legitimate government
one that is accepted by its people and other governments as the sovereign authority of a nation
Mercantilism
an economic and political theory emphasizing money as the chief source of wealth to increase the absolute power of the monarchy
Democracy
a form of government where supreme authority rests with the people
Divine Right of Kings
Belief that God grants authority to a government
Social Contract Theory
agreed to make a state with a contract
Dictatorship
a form of government where those who rule cannot be held responsible to the will of the people
Sovereign
state has supreme and absolute power within its own territory and can decide its own foreign and domestic policies
Plebeians
common folk in the Roman Republic
Patricians
rich upper-class, landowning aristocrats of the Roman Republic
Representative democracy
citizens choose a small group of people to make laws and policies for them
Constitution
the body of fundamental laws setting out the principles, structure and processes of a government
Unitary government vs. Federal government (3 basic forms of government
Unitary, Federal, Confederate
Unitary
power is held by a single, central agency
Federal
power is divided between a central government and local governments
Presidential
separate legislative and executive branches
Parliamentary
Prime Minister is a member of both the legislative and executive branches
**Duties
actions a citizen is required to take
**Responsibilities
actions a citizen should take
Voltaire
freedom of religion
Montesquieu
checks and balances/separation of powers
Blackstone
decisions based upon similar, previous decisions
State
a legal entity
Nation
ethnic term referring to races, or other large groups of people
Country
geographic term referring to particular place, region or area of land
*Rule of Law
Concept of Equality → to receive the same treatment under the law
Government
the institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies; it's impossible to have a government (the institution) without politics (the process)
Public Policies
everything a government decides to do
Legitimate government
one that is accepted by its people and other governments as a sovereign authority of a nation
3 ways the government gains Legitimacy:
Tradition, Charisma and Rule of Law
Mercantilism
an economic and political theory emphasizing money as the chief source of wealth to increase the absolute power of the monarchy
Democracy
a form of government where supreme authority rests with the people
Divine Right of Kings
Belief that God grants authority to a government
Social Contract Theory
agreed to make a state with a contract. The government was created to exercise powers voluntarily given to the State
Dictatorship
a form of government where those who rule cannot be held responsible to the will of the people
Sovereign
state has supreme and absolute power within its own territory and can decide its own foreign and domestic policies
How many states in the United States are sovereign?
1
What are the four characteristics of a state?
population, territory, sovereignty and government
Plebeians
common folk in the Roman Republic
Patricians
rich upper class, landowning aristocrats of the Roman Republic
Representative democracy
citizens choose a small group of people to make laws and policies for them
Constitution
the body of fundamental laws setting out the principles, structure and processes of a government.
Feudalism
loosely organized system in which powerful lords divided their lands among other, lesser lords
Force Theory
scholars believed the State was born by force - one person/small group claimed control over an area
What are the 4 basic factors of the Free Enterprise System
Private ownership, Profit, Individual initiative and Competition
James Madison, Federalist no. 51
government is necessary because people don't always behave perfectly
Martin Luther King Jr.
"injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere" - if even one person is affected by injustice, everyone is affected
What are the 3 basic powers of government?
Executive power (enforcing laws) Legislative power (makes laws) Judicial power (interprets laws)
Separation of Powers
ensure no branch has more power over another
Establishing justice
court system, creating a set of laws
Unitary government vs. Federal government (3 basic forms of government
Unitary, Federal and Confederate
Unitary
power is held by a single, central agency
Federal
power is divided between a central government and local governments
Presidential
separate legislative and executive branches
Parliamentary
Prime Minister is a member of both the legislative and executive branches
Democracy and Free Enterprise System -
Government doesn't decide what is produced → does protect the public and preserving private enterprise
Duties
actions a citizen is required to take
Obeying the law (most basic duty), paying taxes, registering for the draft (men)
Responsibilities
actions a citizen should take
Voting in elections (simplest way to participate in your Democracy)
John Locke
natural rights - Life, Liberty and Property
Voltaire
freedom of religion
Montesquieu
checks and balances/separation of powers
Blackstone
decisions based upon similar, previous decisions
What are the differences between a nation, state and country
State - a legal entity Nation - ethnic term referring to races, or other large groups of people Country - geographic term referring to particular place, region or area of land
Goals of the government are listed in the Preamble (introduction of the Constitution)
Form a more perfect union Provide for the common defense Establish justice Promote the general welfare Insure domestic tranquility Secure the blessings of liberty
Rule of Law
Concept of Equality - to receive the same treatment under the law
Note 
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