Sports Medicine: Shoulder Anatomy

Shoulder Bones

Humerus, Clavicle, Scapula

3 Bony Landmarks of the Shoulder

All on the Scapula: Acromion, Coracoid Process, Glenoid Cavity

Shoulder Joint

Synovial Joint/Ball-in-Socket Joint and freely movable

Shoulder Labrum

a fibrocartilage rim around the glenoid cavity that holds the humerus in place, makes the glenoid deeper, and makes the joint more stable

6 shoulder movements

Flexion & Extension, Abduction & Adduction, Horizontal abduction, horizontal adduction, External & Internal Rotation, Circumduction

Rotator Cuff

Group of 4 muscles; stabilize the shoulder joint; Responsible for internal and external rotation

S in SITS

Supraspinatus: Abduction

I in SITS

Infraspinatus: External Rotation

T in SITS

Teres major: External Rotation

S in SITS

Subscapularis: Internal Rotation

Rotator Cuff Muscle attachment

Humerus and the Scapula

9 common shoulder injuries

Sprain, AC sprain, Strain, Fracture, Dislocation, Sublaxation, Laberal Tear, Impingement, Tendonitis

Shoulder sprain

injury to ligament, “separated shoulder”

AC Sprain

Injury to the acromioclavicular ligament Special Test: Piano Key Test Treatment: PRICE

Shoulder Strain

injury to a muscle , commonly: rotator cuff, bicep tendon, deltoid Special Test: Treatment: PRICE

Shoulder Fracture

Broken Bone, most common is a Clavicle Fracture Treatment: Splint, Ice, send to physician

dislocation/sublaxation

separation of the glenohumeral joint, check for sensation and blood flow, treatment; Ice, Splint, Send to ER

Laberal Tear

tear of the fibrocartilage labrum. Caused by overuse or chronic subluxation /dislocation treatment: splint, ice, send to physician

Shoulder Impingement

pinching of soft tissue or nerve treatment: PRICE

Tendonitis

inflammation/irritation of a tendon. most common: bicep tendon Treatment: PRICE