Chemistry Chapter 8

covalent bond

covalent bond

a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons, often between nonmetals

single bond

consists of one shared pair of electrons between atoms

double bond

consists of two shared pairs of electrons between atoms

triple bond

consists of three shared pairs of electrons between atoms

molecule

a neutral group of covalently bonded atoms that are liquids/gases at room temp. and have low melting and boiling points

Br, I, N, Cl, H, O, F

7 elements that occur in nature as diatomic molecules

strong electrolytes

substances whose aqueous solutions are strong conductors of electricity

weak electrolytes

substances whose aqueous solutions are weak conductors of electricity

non-electrolytes

substances whose aqueous solutions do not conduct electricity

organic compound

a compound that contains carbon bonded to hydrogen

catenate

something's ability to bond to itself, forming long chains or rings

hydrocarbon

a compound only made of carbon and hydrogen

straight-chain alkane

a hydrocarbon that has only single bonds between carbon atoms that form a continuous chain

meth-

1 carbon atom

eth-

2 carbon atoms

prop-

3 carbon atoms

but-

4 carbon atoms

structural formula

a formula that uses element symbols and lines to depict which atoms are covalently bonded in a molecule

cycloalkane

a hydrocarbon that only has single bonds between carbon atoms that form a ring

inorganic compounds

compounds that do not contain carbon bonded to hydrogen

acids

compounds that produce hydrogen ions in water, molecular formula of an acid usually begins with hydrogen

oxyacid

an acid that contains an oxyanion, named ________ic or ________ous

non-oxyacid

named hydro__________ic acid

binary molecular compounds

molecular compounds composed of two elements

water

H2O

ammonia

NH3

mono-

1 atom

di-

2 atoms

tri-

3 atoms

tetra-

4 atoms

base/alkali

a compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-)

pH scale

a numeric scale expressing the degree of acidity or alkalinity of an aqueous solution

indicator

a substance that changes color based upon the pH of a solution

red indicator

acidic substance

blue indicator

basic substance