Bicd 140 Immunology

what are the three principles of immunity

-self vs non-self

-healthy vs sick

-primary vs secondary

self vs nonself

-the collective response upon introduction of a foreign substance is called the immune response

-generally gettin rid of non self however this can be harmful like rejecting a donor organ or overreacting to a foreign body(allergy)

healthy vs sick

immunopathology- mechanisms that eliminate pathogens can also cause tissue damage

-reason you become sick is because of the immune response(want optimal immune response not necessarily always a strong immune response)

primary vs secondary

immunity may decide individual is capable of resolving infection after one encounter or will protect from reinfection of the same pathogen(secondary/memory response)

types of infectious agents

fungus, parasites, bacteria, viruses

where do fungi replicate/propagate

extracellular

where do parasites replicate/propagate

intra and extracellular

where do bacteria replicate/propagate

both intracellular and extracellular bacteria

where do viruses replicate/propagate

intracellular

does where an infectious agent propagates mean it is always found there?

no

major disease killers

malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV

new diseases and battles

SARS, Ebola, MERS

virulence theory

-the ability of a pathogen to do damage to a host

-a pathogen is selected to carry out replication and transmission

-if it kills the host before it replicates it will die too so it doesn’t do this

-more hosts means the parasite is better transmitted

what does the most dangerous pathogen isn’t the deadliest pathogen mean?

the most dangerous pathogen makes the high die so fast(ebola) but the deadliest pathogen may have a low chance of death but causes extreme population spread and damage(COVID)

How are pathogens selected for?

-they are selected to maximize replication and transmission

-THEY ARE NOT SELECTED TO BE DESTRUCTIVE

How is the immune system selected

-it is selected to be slightly different and more effective over time

-it reacts to infection doesn’t necessarily prevent it

innate immunity

-all animals have it

-innate immunity is manifest in all cells of the body

-immediate response (fast)

-no memory response

adaptive immunity

-only in vertebrate animals

-special immune cells only(B and T cells)

-slower response

-highly specific response

what immunity is lacking if the number of microorganisms continues to increase

lacking the innate immune response

what immunity is lacking if the microorganisms increase, stall for a little bit, then increase again

lacking adaptive immunity only