chemical analysis

pure substance

a substance with nothing added to it. a single element or compound not mixed with any other substance

compound

two or more elements chemically bound together in a fixed ratio

mixture

two or more elements or compounds not chemically bound together

formulation

mixture designed as a useful product

example of pure element

oxygen

example of pure compound

carbon dioxide

mixture of elements

oxygen and helium

mixture of compounds

alcohol and water

mixture of elements and compounds

air

what makes bonds between substances stronger?

higher melting point and boiling point

what is chromatography

a method of separation and analysis of a mixture of soluble chemical substances

what is the mobile phase

the solvent that carries the samples through the stationary phase

what is the stationary phase

the paper that the sample travels up allowing the separation of components

retention factor (rf value) equation

distance travelled by spot/distance travelled by solvent front