life sciences exam 2 (hw questions)

which of the following carbs is used as a structural component in plants

cellulose

which is the main energy source of a cell

glucose

which is the function of a phospholipid?

structure

___are solids at room temp, while ___ are liquid at the same temp

fats, oils

a protein is a long chain of ___ acids

amino

amino acids that you cannot make on your own but instead must get from your diet are called ________ amino acids

essential

starch or cellulose

simple sugar

triglyceride

fatty acids

protein

amino acids

DNA or RNA

nucleotide

of the macromolecules in a cell, which is the most abundant

protein

which property of water allows some incects to walk upon it

surface tension

movement of a substance from a place of high concentration to a place of low concentration, without the use of energy, is called

diffusion

movement of a substance from a place of low concentration to a high concentration, without the use of energy, is called

active transport

which part of a cell separates the inside from the outside

cell membrane

which part of a eukaryotic cell is involved in making proteins

endoplasmic reticulum

in which part of the cell is the cells DNA located

nucleus

In which organelle does photosynthesis occur?

chloroplast

which statement is specifically part of cell theory?

living things are made of cells

your heart is an example of which of the following

organ

which of the following is a component of Charles Darwins theory of evolution

natural selection is the mechanism that drives evolution

when astrobiologists look for life on planets or moons in space, what is a key substance they look for?

water

what can carbs be broken down into?

glucose

what is the primary function of DNA

store genetic info

which substance is a strong base with a PH of 13?

bleach

which of the following cells have plasmids

bacteria

what is the function of the nucleus

contain genetic info

who is credited with discovering cells?

Robert Hooke

which term describes the process by which one prokaryotes swallows another but does not digest it?

endosymbiosis

which of the following is best explained by evolution?

changes is species over time

which term best describes the ability to maintain a stable internal environment

homeostasis

which are the building blocks of proteins

amino acids

what determines the function of a protein

its sequence of amino acids which leads to its three dimentional shape

what provides intrsuctions for making proteins in the cell?

genes nucleotide sequences

what is gene expression

the process of converting genetic info into a protein

what are the two main stages of genetic expression

transcription and translation

which of the following happens during transcription?

DNA is copied into complementary mRNA

during translation, what matches the codons in mRNA?

tRNA anticodons

what do tRNA anticodons bring to the ribosome?

amino acids

what are different versions of the same gene called?

alleles

what can happen if there is a change in the DNA squence of a gene?

the corresponding amino acids sequence and the function of the protein may change

a mitochondrion fits a large membraine inside a smaller space by which of the following

folding

when a single cell grows too large, how does it most likely get aroung the problem of surface to volume?

cell division

susan fell off her bike and scraped her knee. a scab formed. what is the purpose of cell division in this case?

wound healing

bacteria reproduce by which of the following methods

binary fission

single cell yeast reproduce by which of the following methods?

budding

when does the DNA get copied in cell division

interphase

DNA gets copied

interphase

DNA condences into chromosoms. nucleus disappears

prophase

chromsomes line up in the middle of the cell

metaphase

half of each chromosome gets pulled to opposite ends of the cell

anaphase

new nuclear membranes form around the sets of chromosomes at opposite ends of the cell

telophase

the cytoplasm divides into two halves to form new cells

cytokinesis

in human felmales, the end product of the second phase of meiosis is a large egg cell and a small _______ , which dies off

polar body

true or false: the acrtual events that happen during the phases of mitosis are different from those of meiosis

true

1 multiple choice option

true or false: during interphase II of mitosis, DNA gets copied

false

1 multiple choice option

_____ is a process of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes by half

meiosis

______ occurs in meiosis, but not in mitosis, when homologous chromosomes are paired

synapsis

which cell is the product of meiosis

sperm cell

which checkpoint in the cell cycle is considered the "point of not return"

restriction checkpoint (G1)

in what phase of the cell cycle does DNA get copied?

S phase

at what checkpoint in the cell cycle does p53 act?

restriction checkpoint

a _______ mutation is one in which a base gets left out of the sequesce during DNA replication

deletion

the info for which the following is encoded in DNA

protein

which is a chromosal mutation where a piece of once chromosome breaks off and fuses with another?

translocation

down syndrome is an example of which of the following mutations

aneuploidy

which of the following is a reason cells divide

to reproduce

binary fission is a form of _____ reproduction

asexual

which product is the end result of mitosis

two daughter cells with the same amount of DNA as the parent cell

gametes are formed through the process of ______

meiosis

a chemical called colchicine prevents formation of the minotic spindles. if you treated a cell with colchicine, which phase of the cell cycle would be impacted?

M

which of the following is the purpose of checkpoints in the cell cycle?

to prevent cells with damaged DNA from dividing

what is programmed cell death called?

apoptosis

which of the following mutation is more common in plants

polyploidy

which is potentailly the LEAST harmful mutiation in a gene

substitution (silent)