From DNA to RNA and Proteins

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

DNA unidirectionally codes for nucleic acids and eventually proteins

What is snRNA

small nuclear RNAs, combine with proteins to form the
spliceosomes that process pre-mRNA into mRNA in eukaryotes

What does RNA polymerase form pre-mRNA from?

free nucleotide triphosphates

What do major and minor grooves in the DNA structure allow for?

Allow for protein access to DNA bases

Allows for specific interactions between transcription factors and DNA sequences

What end is the promoter sequence?

5’ end

What is the role of the promoter?

switch expression on/off

What do transcription factors do?

Bind to regulatory sequences

eg: operator, promoter, enhancer, etc…

What happens during transcription initiation?

RNA Polymerase binds to the
Promoter, unwinds DNA

What happens during transcription elongation?

RNA polymerase creates complementary transcript

What happens during transcription termination

RNA polymerase reaches stop codon and disassociates

What is the Mature Eukaryotic mRNA Structure

What are the sizes of the large and small ribosomal subunits in eukaryotes

60S, 40S

What are the percentages of RNA/Protein for eukaryotic ribosomes?

60% protetin

40% RNA

What are the percentages of RNA/Protein for prokaryotic ribosomes?

40% Protein

60% RNA

What actives tRNA to carry amino acids

aminoacyl tRNA synthase

What is spliced out of pre-mRNA

introns

What happens in the ribosomes A site

mRNA pairs with tRNA

What happens at the P-site of the ribosome

the polypeptide chain is grown

What are the 3 stop codons?

UAA, UGA, UAG