The ________ extends beyond the ability to make complex maps more easily.
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Maps
________ can also be used as a communication tool.
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basic principles of mapmaking
He codified the ________ and prepared numerous maps.
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Ancient Greek
________ and Roman maps were complied in the Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World.
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small globe doesnt
A(n) ________ have enough space to display detailed information, but a large globe is too bulky and cumbersome to use.
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GIS
The key to ________ is geocoding: The position of any object on Earth can be measured and recorded with mathematical precision and then stored in a computer.
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Example
Geographers are interested in the location of McDonald's restaurants around the world, not just around a U.S. interstate exit
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The key to GIS is geocoding
The position of any object on Earth can be measured and recorded with mathematical precision and then stored in a computer
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contemporary geography
the scientific study of the location of people and activities across Earth and the reasons for distribution
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place
a specific point on Earth distinguished by a particular characteristic
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region
an area of Earth distinguished by a distinctive combination of cultural and physical features
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scale
the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole
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space
the physical gap or interval between two objects
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connections
relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space
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ratio or fraction
shows the numerical ratio between distances on the map and Earth’s surface
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written scale
describes this relationship between the map and Earth distances in words
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graphic
usually consists of a bar line marked to show distance on Earth’s service
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shape of an area
can be distorted so that it appears more elongated or squat than in reality
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distance
between two points may become increased or decreased
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relative size of different areas
may be altered, so that one area may appear smaller
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direction
from one place to another can be distorted
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Land Ordinance of 1785
divided much of the country into a system of townships and ranges to facilitate the sale of land to settlers in the West
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township
a square 6 miles on each side
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principal meridians
some of the north-south lines separating the townships
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baselines
some east-west lines
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GIS
A computer system that can capture, store, query, analyze, and display geographic data
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location
four ways to identify location: place name, site, situation, and mathematical location
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toponym
a name given to a place on Earth
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Situation
the location of a place relative to other places
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meridian
an arc drawn between the North and South poles
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longitude
a numbering system
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prime meridian
the meridian that passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich England is 0 degrees longitude
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parallel
a circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians
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latitude
the numbering system to indicate the location of a parallel
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cultural landscape
a combination of cultural features such as language and religion, economic features such as agriculture and industry, and physical features such as climate and vegetation
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regional studies
The contemporary cultural landscape approach in geometry
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formal region
called a uniform region or homogeneous region, is an area within which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics
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Greenwich Mean Time
(GMT) or Universal Time (UT) is the master of reference time for all points on Earth
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International Date Line
follows 180 degrees longitude
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functional region
called a nodal region, is an area organized around a node or focal point
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vernacular region
called a perceptual region, is a place that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity
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mental map
an internal representation of a portion of the Earth’s surface
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Agriculture
a term for the growing of living material at a much larger scale than in a test tube
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cultivate
to take care of is to nurse or look after something
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cultural ecology
the geographic study of human-environment relationships
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environmental determinism
how the physical environment caused social development
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possibilism
the physical environment may limit some human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to their environment
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resources
substances that are useful to people, economically and technologically feasible to access, and socially acceptable to use
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polder
a piece of land that is created by draining water from an area
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globalization
a force or process that involves the entire world and results in making something worldwide in scope
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transnational corporation
conducts research, operates factories and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters and principal shareholders are located
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distribution
arrangement of a feature in space
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density
frequency with which something occurs in space
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arithmetic density
the total number of objects in an area, is commonly used to compare the distribution of population in different countries
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physiological density
the number of persons per unit of area for suitable agriculture
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agricultural density
the number of farmers per unit area of farmland
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concentration
the extent of a feature’s spread over space
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pattern
the geometric arrangement of objects in space
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space-time compression
describes the reduction in the time it takes for something to reach another place
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distance decay
contact diminishes with increasing distance and eventually disappears
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diffusion
the process by which a characteristic spread across space from one place to another over time
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hearth
place from which an innovation originates
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relocation diffusion
spread of an idea through the physical movement of people from one place to another
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expansion diffusion
spread of a feature from one place to another in a snowballing process
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hierarchical diffusion
the spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places
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contagious diffusion
the rapid, widespread diffusion of a character throughout the population
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stimulus diffusion
the spread of an underlying principle, even though a characteristic itself apparently fails to diffuse
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expansion diffusion
occurs much more rapidly in the contemporary world than in the past
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uneven development
increasing gap in economic conditions between regions in the core and periphery that results from the globalization of the economy
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remote sensing
The acquisition of data about Earth’s surface from a satellite orbiting Earth or from other long-distance methods
Studied by 9 people
