B3 Organisation and the digestive system

active site

the site on an enzyme where the reactants bind

amino acids

molecules made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen that are the building blocks of proteins

Amylase

enzyme that speeds up the digestion of starch into sugars

Bile

neutralises stomach acid to give a high pH for the enzymes from the pancreas and small intestine to work well. It is not an enzyme

Carbohydrases

enzymes that speed up the breakdown of carbohydrates into simple sugars

Carbohydrates

molecules that contain only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They provide the energy for the metabolism and are found in foods such as rice, potatoes, and bread

Catalyst

a substance that speeds up the rate of another reaction but is not used up or changed itself

Denatured

the breakdown of the molecular structure of a protein so it no longer functions

Differentiate

the process where cells become specialised for a particular function

digestive system

organ system where food is digested and absorbed

Enzymes

biological catalysts, usually proteins

fatty acids

part of the structure of a lipid molecule

Glycerol

part of the structure of a lipid molecule

Lipase

enzymes that speed up the breakdown of lipids into fatty acids and glycerol

lipids

include fats and oils and are found in foods such as butter, olive oil, and crisps. They are made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Metabolism

the sum of all the reactions taking place in a cell or the body of an organism

Organ

an aggregation (collection ) of different tissues working together to carry out specific functions

organ system

a group of organs that work together to carry out specific functions and form organisms

Proteases

enzymes that speed up the breakdown of proteins into amino acids proteins

molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen and are made of long chains of amino acids. They are used for building the cells and tissues of the body and to form enzymes

simple sugars

small carbohydrate units, for example glucose

Tissue

a group of specialised cells with a similar structure and function