AH Bio 3.1

what are the 7 stages of the scientific cycle?

1. construction of a hypothesis
2. experimental design
3. gathering and recording of data
4. analysis of data
5. evaluation of results
6. determination of conclusions
7. formation of a new hypothesis (if necessary)

what is science?

the gathering and organising of testable and reproducible knowladge

what does a null hypothesis propose?

That there will be no statistically significant effect as a result of the experiment treatment

when can scientific ideas become accepted?

once they have been verified independently

during repetition what should be used?

new ingredients, organisms and chemicals

what should primary papers include?

title, summary, introduction, method, results, conclusions, references

what are used to summarise the current knowledge in a particular field and to discuss recent or novel findings?

review articles

what are 4 common methods of sharing original information/scientific findings?

seminars, conferences, posters, publishing in academic journals

what is peer review?

when scientific papers are read and analysed by specialists with expertise in the area of study

what are some changes that a peer review could suggest?

alterations to experimental design, increased number of replicates, additional experiments, inclusion of missing background information

since the misinterpretation of science in the media is common, what must happen?

the evaluative skills of the public must be increased

what are ethics?

the rules for distinguishing between right and wrong

what does science rely on in the reporting of data?

a high degree of integrity and honesty

how must results be presented?

in an unbiased way

how do scientists acknowledge the contribution of others to their work?

citations and references

what do citations and references help avoid?

plagiarism

what principles must be followed when using animals in an experiment?

replacement, reduction, refinement

what 4 key principles must be followed when using humans in an experiment?

they must have informed consent, the right to withdraw data, everything must be confidential, no harm should come to the human