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what are the functions of blood?
transport O2, nutrients, hormones, and other substances TO tissues. transport waste and CO2 AWAY from tissues. maintain homeostasis. contributes to immunity.
what is blood?
fluid connective tissue
what is the liquid medium blood is suspended in?
plasma
what are erythrocytes?
red blood cells (RBCs)
what is the function of erythrocytes?
transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
what are leukocytes?
white blood cells (WBCs)
what is the function of leukocytes?
protection against infection
what are thrombocytes?
blood platelets
what is the function of thrombocytes?
blood clotting
what are the plasma proteins?
albumins, globulins, fibrinogen
what is the purpose of albumin?
maintain osmotic pressure and acts as a transport protein
what is the purpose of globulins?
provide immune system functions
what is the purpose of fibrinogen?
blood clotting
what is serum?
plasma without clotting factors
what is the hematocrit?
the ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood
what is erythropoiesis?
production of red blood cells
what produces erythropoietin?
kidneys
what stimulus occurs for erythropoietin to be produced?
decreased oxygen delivery to kidneys
what is the primary function of erythrocytes?
transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to lungs
what is the formula for carbonic anhydrase?
CO2 + H20 <-> H2CO3 <-> HCO3- + H+
what is the average lifespan of erythrocytes?
120 days
what is hemoglobin?
protein in red blood cells containing iron that carries oxygen.
what is hemoglobin composed of?
4 heme, 4 iron, 4 globins
what is hemolysis?
destruction of red blood cells
which organs aid in hemolysis?
liver & spleen
what occurs during hemolysis?
1) phagocytosis by macrophages in spleen and liver (rbcs are broken into heme & globin groups)
2) heme pigments are metabolized to bilirubin and iron
what is jaundice caused by?
build up of bilirubin in the blood
what is hemostasis?
stoppage of bleeding
what is primary hemostasis?
platelet plug formation
what is secondary hemostasis?
coagulation cascade
what are the steps on hemostasis?
1) injury to vessel
2) smooth muscle contraction
3) platelet plug formation
4) activation of coagulation cascade
5) thrombus generation
6) activation of anticlotting systems
7) fibrinolysis
what is fibrinolysis?
breaking down of fibrin
what is the platelet plug formation?
process in which platelets stick to parts of damaged blood vessels, and become activated and accumulate large numbers.
what is the lifespan of platelets?
8-9 days in circulation
what do clotting factors require?
Vitamin K
what is the intrinsic pathway of coagulation cascade?
vessel damage
what is the extrinsic pathway of coagulation cascade?
tissue tramua
which way it more important?
intrinsic, even though slower
what is an anticoagulant?
substance that prevents blood from clotting
what is thrombolysis?
loosening or dissolving of a clot
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