Period 7: 1890-1945 Identification Terms

These flashcards contain important identification terms and their definitions for the period from 1890 to 1945, covering significant legislation, political movements, and historical figures relevant to the exam.

Clayton Antitrust Act

Passed in 1914 to clarify the Sherman anti-trust act, preventing unfair competition and legalizing strikes and labor unions.

Populist Party

Political party formed in the 1890s advocating for federal regulation of railroads and bimetallism.

Sherman Anti-trust Act

1890 legislation aimed at curtailing monopolies by prohibiting anticompetitive agreements.

Frontier Thesis

Historical argument by Frederick Jackson Turner stating westward expansion shaped American democracy.

Roosevelt Corollary

1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine allowing U.S. intervention in Latin America.

Open Door Policy

1899 U.S. policy ensuring equal trading rights in China for all nations.

Platt Amendment

1901 amendment giving the U.S. control over Cuba's foreign affairs post-Spanish-American War.

Teller Amendment

1901 congressional resolution stating the U.S. would not annex Cuba.

Alfred Thayer Mahan

Naval officer promoting sea power as crucial to national greatness.

National Origins Act

1924 legislation limiting immigration based on national quotas, targeting specific ethnic groups.

Federal Reserve Bank (Act)

1913 act establishing a centralized banking system in the U.S.

Smoot Hawley Tariff

1930 tariff aimed at protecting U.S. businesses, leading to retaliatory tariffs globally.

National Recovery Administration

1933 New Deal agency that aimed to reduce competition by establishing industry codes.

Tennessee Valley Authority

1933 initiative developing regional economic planning and infrastructure in the South.

Huey Long

Louisiana governor known for his populist 'Share Our Wealth' program.

Social Security Act

1935 law creating a system of social welfare benefits linked to payroll taxes.

N.A.A.C.P.

Civil rights organization founded in 1909 advocating for African American rights.

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

Agency established to protect bank deposits and restore public confidence during the Great Depression.

Bracero Program

1942 agreement allowing Mexican agricultural workers to help with labor shortages in the U.S.

Dollar Diplomacy

President Taft's foreign policy promoting U.S. economic interests abroad over military intervention.

Espionage and Sedition Acts

1917 laws restricting anti-war activities and speech during World War I.

Committee on Public Information

World War I committee responsible for generating public support through propaganda.

Washington Naval Conference

1921 disarmament conference that set naval limits among major powers.

Stimson Doctrine

U.S. refusal to recognize territorial changes resulting from aggression, established after the Mukden incident.

Neutrality Acts

Series of legislative measures aimed at preventing U.S. involvement in foreign wars during the 1930s.

Atlantic Charter

1941 agreement between the U.S. and Britain outlining post-war principles including self-determination.

Manhattan Project

Top-secret project for developing nuclear weapons during World War II.

Progressivism

Political movement advocating for reforms in response to the challenges of the industrial era.

Upton Sinclair

Muckraker whose book 'The Jungle' exposed the unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry.

New Nationalism

Theodore Roosevelt's political platform emphasizing regulation of corporations and social justice.

Harlem Renaissance

Cultural revival of African American arts and literature in the 1920s and 1930s.

The Red Scare

Period of intense fear of communist infiltration in the U.S. following World War I.

Fundamentalism

Religious movement among evangelical Christians advocating for a literal interpretation of the Bible.

14 Points

President Wilson's proposal for peace and organization post-World War I, including self-determination.

War Industries Board

Agency created to coordinate production for World War I.

Muckraker

Journalist exposing corruption and social issues during the Progressive Era.

New Freedom

Woodrow Wilson’s campaign platform advocating for economic reform and anti-trust measures.

John Collier

Commissioner who advocated for Native American rights and the Indian Reorganization Act.

NLRA/Wagner Act

1935 law protecting the rights of workers to organize and unionize.

OASDI/Social Security

Social Security program established in 1935 to provide retirement and disability insurance.

Lend Lease Act

1941 legislation allowing the U.S. to provide military aid to allies without immediate repayment.