Dynamic Development

Zambian Timeline

1961: Zambia gained independence from colonialism

1970: The price of copper falls across the world, Zambia can’t earn money - Accepts aid

1990: Debt is high in Zambia and there are riots across Zambia

2000: The price of copper rises again

2006: IMF(international monetary fund) cancel all of Zambia’s debt

2010: Zambia begins to develop new industries in tourism, farming and hydroelectric power through the kariba dam

Zambia’s foreign investments

• 2012 Zambia started an investment project called “why invest in Zambia?.”

• The country has been a peaceful democracy since 1964, and the economy has been growing since 2000,.

• Zambia borders 8 countries and is part of the world Trade Organisation (WTO) and 50% of it’s land suitable for farming

Zambia’s reliance on copper

• Copper makes up 70% of its international export

• Between 1964-2000 the price of copper fell, put the economy into decline and Zambia went into debt

• Since 2000 the price of copper increased once again, which allowed Zambia to diversify its economy

• China uses the most copper in the world and has therefore invested in Zambia.

  • Over 500 chinese companies invest in Zambia from mining to tourism to manufacturing

• China expanded the Kariba Dam, built 8000 km of new roads and there are 100,000 chinese people now living and working in Zambia

Benefits of TNCs

• Provide a job as a source of income

• The company and workers pay taxes which supports the government

• Investment helps the country to use its natural resources in order to gain profit

Negatives of TNCs

• Large companies try to avoid paying tax

• Small and local companies are not able to compete

• They pollute and damage the environment by emitting CO2 into the atmosphere

What is water Aid and why is it needed?

* Water aid is a non-governmental organisation which helps to provide clean drinking water to decrease water borne diseases, and increase sanitation in Zambia.
* It is needed because 5.2 million people don’t have access to clean water in Zambia and 5000 children die yearly from water bourne dieases

What are the benefits of Water Aid

• In 1 year it provided:

  • 54000 people will clean drinking water

  • 42000 people with increased sanitation

• Also helped to manifacture more taps and water pips for locals to access water

• Access to the lowest levels in the country

What are the negatives of Water Aid

• Reliance on funding from charities as it non-governmental

• Not a long term form of AID

• Small scale, doesn’t help most of the country

Positives of a Top-Down strategy (Kariba Dam)

• Provides 40% of electricity in Zambia

• Second largest Dam in the world

• Provides power for copper mining industry

• Is a sustainable and long term strategy as it supplies green energy

Negatives of a Top-Down strategy (Kariba Dam)

• 57000 people displaced

• No natural flooding occurs any more, which means less fertile land

• There is a risk of the Dam collapsing:

  • 3 million people’s lives would be at risk from flooding

  • Would destroy local ecosystems

  • Cost of repair of damage would be a lot

Aims of a bottom-up strategy in Zambia(Room to Read)

• To increase the rate of literacy rate in Zambia from a young age, especially women.

• This is to increase the rate of education in the women population in Zambia in order to increase community and family support

Positives of a Bottom-Up Strategy in Zambia(Room to Read)

• Established 487 libraries in Zambia

• 1615 girls participated in education in 2016 as a cons