Dynamic Development

Zambian Timeline

1961: Zambia gained independence from colonialism

1970: The price of copper falls across the world, Zambia can’t earn money - Accepts aid

1990: Debt is high in Zambia and there are riots across Zambia

2000: The price of copper rises again

2006: IMF(international monetary fund) cancel all of Zambia’s debt

2010: Zambia begins to develop new industries in tourism, farming and hydroelectric power through the kariba dam

Zambia’s foreign investments

* 2012 Zambia started an investment project called “why invest in Zambia?.”
* The country has been a peaceful democracy since 1964, and the economy has been growing since 2000,.
* Zambia borders 8 countries and is part of the world Trade Organisation (WTO) and 50% of it’s land suitable for farming

Zambia’s reliance on copper

* Copper makes up 70% of its international export
* Between 1964-2000 the price of copper fell, put the economy into decline and Zambia went into debt
* Since 2000 the price of copper increased once again, which allowed Zambia to diversify its economy
* China uses the most copper in the world and has therefore invested in Zambia.
* Over 500 chinese companies invest in Zambia from mining to tourism to manufacturing
* China expanded the Kariba Dam, built 8000 km of new roads and there are 100,000 chinese people now living and working in Zambia

Benefits of TNCs

* Provide a job as a source of income
* The company and workers pay taxes which supports the government
* Investment helps the country to use its natural resources in order to gain profit

Negatives of TNCs

* Large companies try to avoid paying tax
* Small and local companies are not able to compete
* They pollute and damage the environment by emitting CO2 into the atmosphere

What is water Aid and why is it needed?

* Water aid is a non-governmental organisation which helps to provide clean drinking water to decrease water borne diseases, and increase sanitation in Zambia.
* It is needed because 5.2 million people don’t have access to clean water in Zambia and 5000 children die yearly from water bourne dieases

What are the benefits of Water Aid

* In 1 year it provided:
* 54000 people will clean drinking water
* 42000 people with increased sanitation
* Also helped to manifacture more taps and water pips for locals to access water
* Access to the lowest levels in the country

What are the negatives of Water Aid

* Reliance on funding from charities as it non-governmental
* Not a long term form of AID
* Small scale, doesn’t help most of the country

Positives of a Top-Down strategy (Kariba Dam)

* Provides 40% of electricity in Zambia
* Second largest Dam in the world
* Provides power for copper mining industry
* Is a sustainable and long term strategy as it supplies green energy

Negatives of a Top-Down strategy (Kariba Dam)

* 57000 people displaced
* No natural flooding occurs any more, which means less fertile land
* There is a risk of the Dam collapsing:
* 3 million people’s lives would be at risk from flooding
* Would destroy local ecosystems
* Cost of repair of damage would be a lot

Aims of a bottom-up strategy in Zambia(Room to Read)

* To increase the rate of literacy rate in Zambia from a young age, especially women.
* This is to increase the rate of education in the women population in Zambia in order to increase community and family support

Positives of a Bottom-Up Strategy in Zambia(Room to Read)

* Established 487 libraries in Zambia
* 1615 girls participated in education in 2016 as a cons
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