History of Medical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology Practice

flashcards covering key concepts, figures, timelines, and milestones in the history and practice of Medical Laboratory Science and Medical Technology as presented in the notes.

What is Medical Technology as defined in the notes?

A clinical laboratory science related to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease.

How are Medical Laboratory Scientists described in the notes?

Detectives who perform routine and complex analyses, ensure accuracy of results, correlate interdependent test results, and can supervise and teach.

Who is considered the Father of Medicine in the notes?

Hippocrates.

Which ancient text describes the three stages of hookworm infection?

Ebers Papyrus.

Which early figure traced the beginnings of Medical Technology by mentioning intestinal parasites?

Vivien Herrick.

Ruth Williams preferred dating Medical Technology to which century?

The 14th century.

Who was Alessandra Giliani according to the notes?

A woman employed to perform MT tasks under a prominent Italian physician at the University of Bologna; died from a laboratory-acquired infection.

Who is known as the father of microbiology for improvements to the microscope?

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.

What did Edward Jenner contribute to medicine?

Vaccination against smallpox (1796).

Who identified organs by tissue types, contributing to histology?

Marie Francois Xavier Bichat.

What immunologic contribution did Louis Pasteur make according to the notes?

Immunity to rabies.

What is Gregor Mendel known for in biology?

Enunciating the law of inherited characteristics from studies on plants.

What surgical finding did Joseph Lister establish?

That surgical infections are caused by airborne organisms (antiseptic surgery).

What did Robert Koch contribute to microbiology?

First pictures of bacilli (anthrax) and later tubercle bacilli.

What did Elie Metchnikoff describe?

Phagocytes in blood and their role in fighting infection.

Which sterilization method did Karl von Bergmann introduce in surgery?

Steam sterilization in surgery.

What is Karl Landsteiner famous for in transfusion medicine?

Distinguishing blood groups through the ABO system.

What is the Wassermann test used for?

Immunologic test for syphilis.

Who developed the poliomyelitis vaccine?

Jonas Salk.

Who introduced the Westgard Rules and their purpose?

James Westgard; quality control rules used in clinical laboratories.

Who introduced the hepatitis B vaccine?

Baruch Samuel Blumberg.

Who developed the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)?

Kary Mullis.

Who introduced intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF)?

Andre van Steirteghem.

Who derived the first human stem cell line?

James Thomson.

Who is regarded as the founder of Medical Technology Education in the Philippines?

Mrs. Willa Hilgert-Hedrick.

Who was the first graduate of Philippine Union College in Medical Technology?

Dr. Jesse Umali.

When was the 4-year BS Medical Technology program fully recognized at the University of Santo Tomas (UST)?

June 14, 1961.

Which military unit introduced Medical Technology practice in the Philippines after World War II?

The 26th Medical Infantry of the US Army.

Where was the first clinical laboratory in the Philippines established?

Quiracada Street, Sta. Cruz, Manila (Manila Public Health Laboratory location).

Who organized the Manila Public Health Laboratory and when?

Dr. Alfredo Pio de Roda, with Dr. Mariano Icasiano; October 1, 1945.

What was the significance of 1957-1961 in MT education in the Philippines?

1957: temporary permit; 1960: internship permit; 1961: full recognition of the 4-year BS MT program at UST.

What act defines Medical Technology in the Philippines?

The Philippine Medical Technology Act of 1969.

Who is considered the founder of MT education in the Philippines, per the notes?

Mrs. Willa Hilgert-Hedrick.

What is the significance of the 1923 milestone in the United States MT history?

The University of Minnesota offered the first degree-level MT program.

What organization was founded to establish a code of ethics for MT professionals in the US?

The American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP), founded in 1922.

What were the five divisions commonly found in clinical laboratories in the early US?

Clinical Pathology, Bacteriology, Microbiology, Serology, and Radiology.

Who invented the stethoscope?

Rene Laennec.

Who invented the ophthalmoscope?

Hermann von Helmholtz.

Who discovered X-rays?

Wilhelm Roentgen.

Who devised the laryngoscope?

Manuel Garcia.

Who developed the electrocardiograph (ECG)?

William Einthoven.

Who invented the Drinker respirator?

Philip Drinker.

Who first performed Cardiac Catheterization and Angiography?

Forsmann (1929) in initial work; later developments by others leading to safe human use in 1941 by Cournand.

What military events spurred the growth of clinical laboratories during the early 20th century?

World War I and World War II increased demand for laboratory work and blood use.

Who established the first clinical laboratory at Johns Hopkins Hospital in 1896?

Involvement of early pioneers including Dr. William Welch and Dr. William Osler (Johns Hopkins).