PART 2 - PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC COMPOUNDS

STRONTIUM

Only listed; no further details

BARIUM

Baritosis (Barium Toxicity); Antidote: Epsom Salt

RADIUM

No data provided

ZINC

Found in insulin; Deficiency: Parakeratosis; Metal Fume Fever (Zinc Toxicity); Antidote: Sodium Bicarbonate

Zinc Oxide

Lassar’s Paste; Zinc White; Lana Philosophica; Flower of Zinc; Phompholyx; Component of: Calamine, Lasaar’s Plain Zinc Paste, Lasaar’s Zinc Paste with Salicylic Acid

Zinc Peroxide

Liberates nascent oxygen

Zinc Sulfide

White sulfide; Major component of white sulfide; The only white sulfide

CADMIUM

Itai-itai disease (Cadmium toxicity); Antidote: BAL

Cadmium Chloride

Treatment for tinea infections

Cadmium Sulfide

Yellow sulfide; Anti-seborrheic; Capsebon

Cadmium Sulfate

Ophthalmic antiseptic

MERCURY

"Hydragyrum"; "Quicksilver"; “Liquid Silver”; Found in thermometers, amalgams; Natural source: Cinnabar

Minamata Disease (Mercury Toxicity)

Antidotes: Sodium Formaldehyde Sulfoxylate; BAL; Penicillamine

Mercurous Chloride

HgCl

Mercuric Chloride

HgCl₂

Mercuric Potassium Iodide

Antidote of alkaloid poisoning through precipitating effect

BORON

Used in vulcanizing rubber; Only +3 oxidation state; Boiled Lobster Appearance (Boron Poisoning)

Boric Acid

"Sal sedativum Hombergi"; 2% solution as an eyewash

Sodium Tetraborate

“Borax”; Gold extraction alternative; Dobell's Solution: Aqueous solution of borax; Antiseptic eyewash and wet dressing for wound

ALUMINUM

“Ladd’s paste”; Most abundant metal; 3rd most abundant element; Source: Cryolite; Uses: Gastric antacid (S/E: constipation), Antiperspirant, Deodorant, Antiseptic

Shaver’s Disease

Aluminum Poisoning

Alum

“Alumina”; 2 types: Ammonium and Potassium; Treatment of Silicosis

Aluminum Silicates

Kaolin, Bentonite, Pumice, Fuller’s Earth

GALLIUM

Exhibits the "Beating heart"; Treatment in Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Bladder cancer, Cancer-related hypercalcemia

THALLIUM

Green tongue & Alopecia (Thallium Poison)

CARBON

Forms: Crystalline (Diamond, Graphite), Amorphous; Carbon Dioxide: 210x affinity to hemoglobin; Cause of death: Asphyxia; Treatment: 100% O₂, Oxygen-helium mixture, Hyperbaric O₂

SILICON

Silicosis (Silicon Toxicity); Antidote: Aluminum oxide dust inhalation

Purified Siliceous Earth

Diatomaceous Earth; Purified Kieselgurh; Infusorial Earth; Distributing and filtering medium

Kaolin

“Hydrated Aluminum Silicate” (native); Clarifying agent; Intestinal adsorbent and protective

Attapulgite

“Polymagma”; BN: Diatabs, Quintess; Adsorbent for diarrhea

Layer Silicates

Talc; Glass (Na₂CO₃ or CaCO₃ with pure silica); Simethicone – BN: Disflatyl, Kremil-S, Mylanta

TIN

Used in manufacture of cans and utensils; Germicidal against Staphylococcus; Treatment of acne, furunculosis

Alloys of Tin

Pewter: 80% Sn + 20% Pb; Gun Metal: 10% Sn + 90% Cu; Rose Metal: 25% Sn + 25% Pb + 50% Bi; Solder: 50% Sn + 50% Pb

Stannous Fluoride

Crest toothpaste; Anticariogenic 8% solution; Must be freshly prepared (easily oxidized)

Stannous Oxide

"Cassiterite"; 5% Ointment; Germicidal for Staphylococcus infections

Stannous Sulfide

"Artificial Gold"; Bright yellow precipitate

LEAD

Plumbism (Lead Toxicity); Antidotes: EDTA, BAL, Succimer

Lead Acetate

"Sugar of Lead"; Used to prepare other lead compounds; Astringent

Lead Subacetate

"Goulard’s Extract"; Used to prepare Goulard’s Extract; Astringent

Lead Oxide

"Litharge"; Used to prepare lead subacetate solution

TITANIUM

Opacifier in capsules; Used in contact lenses; Solar ray protective in sunblock and suntan lotions

ZIRCONIUM

Zirconium Chloride – Antiperspirant; Zirconium Carbonate/Oxide – Athlete’s foot treatment

NITROGEN

"Without life"; "Azote"; "Mephitic air"; Inert, colorless, odorless, tasteless; Most abundant gas (71%); Most stable diatomic molecule

Nitrous Oxide

"Laughing gas"; Stored in blue container; General anesthetic; Side effect: Hypoxia

Nitrates/Nitrites

Used as preservatives; Carcinogenic due to reaction with free radicals

PHOSPHOROUS

"Light carrier"; “St. Elmo’s Fire”; Types: White/Yellow (toxic) – Antidote: Copper; Red (non-toxic) – Allotropes: Scarlet, Violet, Metallic/Black, Red

ARSENIC

"Lewisite metal"; Component of Salvarsan (Drug 606/Arsphenamine); Protoplasmic poison

Arsenic Toxicity

Mee’s lines; Milk-and-roses Complexion; Antidotes: If in GIT – Freshly prepared Fe(III) + Mg(OH)₂; If absorbed – Dimercaprol IM

Potassium Arsenite Solution

"Fowler’s Solution"; Antileukemic

ANTIMONY

"Stibium"; Expectorant; Emetic; Antiprotozoal; Antihelminthic

Antimony Sodium Tartrate

"Tartar emetic"; "Brown mixture"; Treatment for schistosomiasis infection

BISMUTH

"Beautiful meadow"; Used in silvering mirrors; Astringent; Antiseptic; Mucoprotectant in PUD

Bismuth Poisoning

Blue-lined gums; Dark stools; Antidote: BAL

Milk of Bismuth

Bismuth hydroxide + bismuth subnitrate; Internal protectant for gastric ulcers; Kills H. pylori

TANTALUM

Used in sheet form for surgical repair of bones; Does not affect tissues

OXYGEN

"Dephlogisticated air"; Greek: "acid former"; Allotropes: Nascent, Molecular, Ozone

Ozonized Air

Used in disinfecting and bleaching operations; Reacts with all except: Au, Ag, Cu

5 Official Gases

Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Helium, Nitrous Oxide

SULFUR

Precipitated Sulfur – "Milk of Sulfur", “Lac Sulfur”; Used in sulfur ointment for scabies

Sublimed Sulfur

"Flowers of Sulfur"; Used in Vleminckx lotion and solution; For acne

SELENIUM

Important trace element; Synergistic with Vitamin E; Antioxidant

Selenium Sulfide

Selsun Blue; Anti-dandruff; Antiseborrheic

CHROMIUM

Deficiency causes: Polydipsia, Polyphagia, Polyuria

Potassium Dichromate

“Flowers of Sulfur”; Strong oxidizer; Used to clean glassware