learning phase 1

A reusable chunk of code with inputs and outputs

Function

A name that can be associated with a value

Variable

A control structure for performing actions on each element of a sequence

For loop

A control structure for branching the execution of a program

If statement

A data structure for mapping keys to values

Dictionary

A data structure for storing elements in an ordered sequence

List

A categorization of values of similar kinds that determines what you can do with the values

Type

A sequence of data stored in your computer's long term memory

File

Specific instances of data written directly in source code

Literal value

A type that represents textual data

String

A collection of functions, classes, and variables available to be imported

Module

A combination of data and functions that can encapsulate behavior into a new type

Class

An instance of a class

Object

A sequence of coded instructions that manipulate data inside a computer

Program, While, or Method

"2.0"

String

"Python"

String

-1.4

Float

[1, 2, 3]

List

''

String

{}

Dictionary

True

Boolean

None

None

[]

List

{1:2}

Dictionary

"True"

String

-100000257

Integer

(1, 2, 3)

Tuple or Set

While

Keyword

Boolean

Type

Float

Type

for

Keyword

print

Built in function

class

Keyword

Integer

Type

in

Keyword

map

Built in function

def

Keyword

Dictionary

Type

input

Built in function

import

Keyword

String

Type

return

Keyword

List

Type

Humans discovered programming languages in the 1940s and have been decoding them ever since.

False

The print function can only print literal values

False

Variables change their value over time according to instructions in a program

True

Variables in Python are used to solve for unknown values, like in Algebra

False

Variable names are important because computers understand the meaning of names and change their value accordingly

False

Normally, statements are executed from top to bottom

True

Expressions are always evaluated from left to right

False

Strings are composed of only letters and symbols

False

Printing is the same as returning

False

Every function created with the def keyword must have at least one parameter

False

You should not put error messages into help seeking emails because it can clutter up the email

False

You can nest if statements inside of other if statements, but not inside functions

False

The Iteration Variable will take on each value of the List Variable, one at a time

True

The body of a for loop will contain one statement for each element of the iteration list

False

Like an if statement and a function call, the for Loop might cause the execution to not follow the sequential order of lines

True

The statement count = count + 1 will cause an error because no number can be greater than itself

False

List comprehensions cannot express everything that a for loop can

False

Dictionaries will always have at least one key and one value

False

Dictionaries are useful because you can have duplicate keys

False

Variables can be used as the keys of a dictionary

True

Keys can be added to the dictionary after its been created

True

Lists can be composed of Dictionaries

True

Dictionaries cannot be composed of lists

False

Unlike Lists, Tuples are immutable, meaning Tuples cannot be changed after they are created

True

Tuples are composed of key/value pairs

False

A while loop will always be executed at least once

False

A while loop will execute once for each expression in the conditional

False

A for loop will process a file sentence by sentence

False

The open function consumes a string representing a path and returns a string of the file's contents

False

You must import the json module before you can use the load function

True

algorithm

A set of specific steps for solving a category of problems

bug

an error in a program

comment

in a program that is meant for other programmers (or anyone reading the source code) and has no effect on the execution of the program

token

basic elements of a language(letters, numbers, symbols)

high-level language

A programming language like Python that is designed to be easy for humans to read and write.

low-level langauge

A programming language that is designed to be easy for a computer to execute; also called machine language or assembly language

print

A function used in a program or script that causes the Python interpreter to display a value on its output device.

runtime error

An error that does not occur until the program has started to execute but that prevents the program from continuing.

semantic error

An error in a program that makes it do something other than what the programmer intended.

semantic

the meaning of a program

syntax

The structure of a program

syntax error

An error in a program that makes it impossible to parse — and therefore impossible to interpret.

string

contains a string of letters

variable

name that refers to a value

assignment statement

gives value to a variable

keyword

define the language's syntax rules and structure, and they cannot be used as variable names

statement

instruction that the Python interpreter can execute

operators

special tokens that represent computations like addition, multiplication and division

modulus operator

%, works on integers (and integer expressions) and gives the remainder when the first number is divided by the second

evaluate

To simplify an expression by performing the operations in order to yield a single value.

int

A Python data type that holds positive and negative whole numbers

float

A Python data type which stores floating-point numbers. Floating-point numbers are stored internally in two parts: a base and an exponent. When printed in the standard format, they look like decimal numbers

flow of execution

The order in which statements are executed during a program run.

function

A named sequence of statements that performs some useful operation. Functions may or may not take parameters and may or may not produce a result

fruitful function

A function that returns a value when it is called.

local variable

A variable defined inside a function. A local variable can only be used inside its function. Parameters of a function are also a special kind of local variable.

parameter

A name used inside a function to refer to the value which was passed to it as an argument.