Respiratory System Anatomy and Disorders

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to the respiratory system, its function, common disorders, and treatments.

Upper Respiratory Tract

Includes components such as the nose, pharynx, and larynx, responsible for air intake and initial filtration.

Common Cold

A viral infection that leads to inflammation of the upper respiratory tract, causing symptoms like nasal congestion and headache.

Seasonal Rhinitis

Also known as allergic rhinitis or hay fever, a reaction to specific antigens causing nasal congestion and sneezing.

Sinusitis

Inflammation of the epithelial lining of the sinuses, leading to pressure and pain due to swelling.

Pharyngitis

Inflammation of the pharynx, often caused by bacterial or viral infections.

Laryngitis

Inflammation of the larynx, frequently experienced alongside other upper respiratory infections.

Dextromethorphan

An antitussive used to suppress nonproductive cough by depressing the cough center in the medulla.

Pseudoephedrine

An oral decongestant that relieves nasal congestion and promotes drainage from the sinuses.

Diphenhydramine

An antihistamine used for allergic reactions, sleep aid, and motion sickness by blocking histamine-1 receptor sites.

Guaifenesin

An expectorant that liquefies respiratory secretions for easier removal.

Acetylcysteine

A mucolytic that decreases mucus viscosity, also used in acetaminophen toxicity.

Asthma

A condition characterized by reversible bronchospasm and airway inflammation leading to breathing difficulties.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

A permanent, chronic obstruction of the airways, affecting airflow.

Bronchodilator

Medications that relax bronchial smooth muscle to enhance airflow.

Budesonide

An inhaled steroid used for preventing and treating asthma by reducing airway inflammation.

Zafirlukast

A leukotriene receptor antagonist used for long-term asthma management by blocking inflammatory processes.