BSCI170: Intro to Endomembrane System
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16 Terms
What is the Endomembrane System?
interconnected membrane system made up of organelles that help in making, modifying, packaging, and transporting proteins and lipids
made up of…
nuclear envelope
endoplasmic reticulum
golgi apparatus
lysosomes
vesicles
What does the Nucleus do?
DNA is stored and replicated there
site of transcription
has chromatin: DNA and histones together
What does the Nucleoleus do?
site of ribosomal assembly
What does the nuclear envelope do
has pores that control passage of ions, molecules, and RNA from inside the nucleus and out of it
Ribosomes get transported out of nucleus thru nuclear envelope
What does the endoplasmic reticulum do?
modifies proteins and makes lipids
Endoplasmic reticulum: cisternae and lumen
cisternae - outside the ER
lumen - inside the ER
Endoplasmic Reticulum: smooth vs. rough
Smooth: no ribosomes attached
makes carbohydrates, lipids, steroids, etc
Rough: ribosomes attached
makes proteins and phospholipids
Central Dogma: 3 parts
DNA replication preserves info
RNA is the intermediary from converting DNA into proteins, happens through transcription
Translation is the process of RNA info being used to make proteins
Transcription
[rocess of creating an RNA copy of DNA
Translation
using RNA copy to make a protein
0 ribosomes translate proteins
Ribosomes: what are they made of
Protein
rRNA complexes
they have a large subunit and a small subunit
Ribosomes: Function
translates mRNA into proteins
mRNA travels outside nucleus to ribosomes
Ribosomes: Where are they found?
either in the cytoplasm or attached to the ER
Cytoplasm-bound vs. ER-bound Ribosomes
Cytoplasm-bound: makes proteins for cytosol
ER-bound: makes proteins for organelles, the plasma membrane, or outside of the cell
what is the nuclear lamina
protein that maintains the shape of the envelope and organzies the space inside the nucleus
what are histones
histones - proteins that help DNA coil up
Note 
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