Histological Layers of the Digestive System

These flashcards cover key concepts regarding the histological layers of the digestive system, functions of different cells, and the structure of the small intestine to help in exam preparation.

What are the four major histological layers of the digestive system?

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serous layer.

What is the mucosa?

The innermost layer of the digestive tract that lines the lumen and consists of an epithelial lining, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae.

What are the three principal functions of the mucosa?

Protect, absorb, and secrete.

What type of epithelium is found in the esophagus?

Stratified squamous epithelium.

What is the function of the muscularis externa?

Aids in movements of the digestive tract through contraction.

What is the role of the serous layer?

Lubricates the internal structures of the body.

What type of cells produce gastric juice in the stomach?

Mucous cells, parietal cells, chief cells, and endocrine cells.

What unique feature do the glands in the stomach have?

They secrete substances needed for digestion, including gastric juices.

What is the importance of villi in the small intestine?

Villi increase surface area for nutrient absorption.

What are the three divisions of the small intestine?

Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.