Operant Conditioning

Classical conditioning

A type of learning that applies to reflexive responses.

B.F

Psychologist who studied how animals learn from the consequences of their actions.

Positive Reinforcement

Encouraging behavior by adding a desirable stimulus, like giving a chocolate bar to a well-behaved child.

Negative Reinforcement

Encouraging behavior by removing an undesirable stimulus, such as no extra homework if a test is passed.

Operant conditioning

Learning through consequences, as demonstrated by Skinner's rat experiments.

Skinner Box

An apparatus used by Skinner to study operant conditioning in rats.

Little Albert Experiment

A study by Watson and Rayner where fear was conditioned in a child using a white rat and loud noise.

Ethical concerns

Issues related to the morality of experiments, like the Little Albert Experiment's unethical nature.

Generalisability

The extent to which results from animal studies, like Skinner's, can be applied to humans.

Ecological validity

The degree to which a study's findings can be applied to real-world settings, a limitation of laboratory studies like the Little Albert Experiment.