Spanish-American War Era

Teller Amendment

Announced the U.S. had no intention of annexing Cuba after Spain's defeat

William Jennings Bryan

Democratic candidate in 1896 & 1900; supported free silver & was an anti-imperialist

"Cross of Gold"

Speech given by William Jennings Bryan

William McKinley

Republican candidate in 1896 & 1900; supported the gold standard and imperialism

Isolationism

U.S. foreign policy pre S-A War; policy of non-involvment in world affairs

Imperialism

Policy of establishing colonies and building an empire by controlling the politics/economy of a weaker country

Social Darwinism

Justifies U.S. expansion; nations struggle for existence and only the fittest survive, thus the U.S. needed to expand or could be taken over

Manifest Destiny

Spread the virtues of Democracy and Christianity to uncivilized places of the world

Alfred Thayer Mahan

Wrote the Influence of Sea Power Upon History stressing the need for a strong navy and naval bases

Hawaii

U.S. forcefully annexed this in 1898 because we desired a naval base (established Pearl Harbor)

General Weyler

Spanish Commander in Cuba known as "The Butcher" due to his brutal tactics

Yellow Press/Journalism

Sensationalize stories to attract readers, especially used by publishers Hearst and Pulitzer

De Lome Letter

Spanish Ambassador to the U.S. made negative comments about President McKinley; one of the reasons why the U.S. declared war vs. Spain

U.S.S. Maine

Battleship that exploded in Havana Harbor on February 15, 1898; U.S. blamed Spain; one of the reasons why the U.S. declared war vs. Spain

Spanish-American War

Short war; only 385 battle deaths, but more than 5,000 died from disease

Philippine Insurrection

Long & bloody war; over 4,000 Americans died and cost the U.S. more than $600 million

NAACP

Interracial organization designed to abolish segregation & discrimination; includes a magazine called The Crisis

Cuba

War began because of events here; U.S. goal was to capture Santiago

Philippine Islands

War began here because they were not given their independence; capital is Manila

Yellow Fever

Tropical disease spread by mosquitoes and killed many Americans

Imperialists

Supported acquiring the Philippines because: it would help our economy by having new markets, it's part of our 2nd Manifest Destiny, stop European expansion, they couldn't govern themselves...

Anti-Imperialists

Against acquiring the Philippine Islands because it would go against our ideals of Democracy, cost too much money, they're too far away, it'd create 2nd Class Citizens...

China

Boxer Rebellion and the Open Door Policy involved this country

Spheres of Influence

Areas of economic and political control exerted by one nation over another (weaker) nation (ex. countries trying to take advantage of China)

Leonard Wood

Commander of the 1st U.S. Volunteer Cavalry; stayed in Cuba to help the Cubans "prepare for independence"

Teddy Roosevelt

Began as the Asst. Secy of the Navy but resigned to organize/recruit the Rough Riders

George Dewey

U.S. Commander of the Pacific Fleet; destroyed the entire Spanish fleet at the Battle of Manila Bay

Jingoes

Patriots who support war and imperialism

Emilio Aguinaldo

Leader of the Filipino rebels; U.S. ally then became our enemy (he believed the U.S. would give them freedom)

William Shafter

U.S. Army Commander in Cuba who weighed over 300 pounds, suffered from gout, and was carried on a door

Rough Riders

1st U.S. Volunteer Calvary who saw combat in Cuba, namely at El Caney, San Juan, and Kettle Hills

Treaty of Paris

Formal end to the S-A War (signed Dec. 10, 1898); granted the U.S. Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines

Platt Amendment

Cuba had to agree to: not make foreign treaties, allow the U.S. to intervene when necessary, and lease the U.S. land for a naval base, or U.S. troops would not leave

John Hay

Secy of State who created the "Open Door Notes" and referred to the S-A War as a "Splendid Little War"

Boxers

Patriotic group known officially as the "Righteous Fists of Harmony" who revolted vs. foreigners in China

William H. Taft

Served as the 1st Civilian Governor of the Philippines

Arthur MacArthur

Served as the Military Governor of the Phillippines

Booker T. Washington

Started Tuskegee Institute believing African Americans should learn trade skills rather than push for political equality

W.E.B. Du Bois

1st African American to graduate Harvard with a PhD; supported a liberal arts education and believed suffrage and political action was needed to end white supremacy; led Niagara Movement

Plessy v. Ferguson

1896 Supreme Court case that established the "separate but equal" clause

Brown v. B.O.E. of Topeka, Kansas

1954 Supreme court case that attempted to bring an end to segregation in public schools

Election of 1896

Issue was Gold vs. Silver

Election of 1900

Issue was Imperialism