Endocrine Lecture Quiz

At age 85, Anthony's immune system does not respond to vaccines as well as it did when he was younger. The atrophy of which endocrine gland is likely responsible for this?

thymus

This gland atrophies after puberty.

Thymus

Insufficient dietary iodine can cause Graves' disease.

false

Iodine is an essential element required for the synthesis of thyroxine.

True

Both "turn on" factors (hormonal, humoral, and neural stimuli) and "turn off" factors (feedback inhibition and others) may be modulated by the activity of the nervous system.

True

A

Growth hormone (GH)

B

Prolactin

C

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

A man has been told that he is NOT synthesizing enough follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and for this reason he may be unable to father a child. Choose the correct statement to explain this problem.

FSH stimulates sperm production in the testes.

D

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

E

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

The ability of a specific tissue or organ to respond to the presence of a hormone is dependent on ________.

the presence of the appropriate receptors on the cells of the target tissue or organ

The size and shape of a pea; produces hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands.

pituitary gland

Is part of the sympathetic nervous system.

adrenal medulla

During an afternoon class, Kim starts to feel hungry and worries that her blood sugar level may be dropping. Which hormone is helping to prevent a drop in blood sugar level?

glucagon

A major difference between neurotransmitters and hormones is that hormones reach their destination via __________.

the blood

Produces hormones that regulate glucose levels in the body.

pancreas

The islets of Langerhans are found in which endocrine organ?

pancreas

Primary regulators of blood calcium levels.

Parathyroid glands

Produces the body's major metabolic hormones.

Thyroid hormones

During times of stress, elevated levels of __________ often occur, which explains why we get a cold during final exam time.

cortisol

When an infant suckles at his mother’s breast, the mother’s neurohypophysis releases oxytocin. This is an example of __________ stimulation.

neural

The secretion of __________ helps regulate our circadian rhythms.

melatonin

Melatonin ________.

is responsible for regulating the sleep cycle

When the pancreas releases insulin in direct response to blood glucose, this is an example of __________ stimulation.

humoral

Which group of messengers is defined as acting on cells within the same tissue?

paracrines

Which of the following structures produces a precursor to hormonal vitamin D, important for Ca2+ regulation?

skin

__________ is the adrenal hormone responsible for maintaining appropriate blood sodium levels.

aldosterone

This hormone is important in sodium regulation and therefore water balance.

Aldosterone

The epiphyseal plate is the target organ of this hormone.

GH

Cushing’s disease is caused by _______.

hypersecretion of the adrenal glands

A patient is losing weight rapidly, sweating profusely, and is always anxious.  The patient may be suffering from __________.

hyperthyroidism

Exophthalmos is a sign of hypersecretion of this hormone.

Thyroxine

Acromegaly is a result of hypersecretion of this hormone.

Growth hormone

Hormones are secreted in response to all of the following stimuli EXCEPT _______.

up-regulation

Which of the following structures produces a hormone responsible for stimulating red blood cell production?

kidney

Which organ is responsible for synthesizing the hormone atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)?

the heart

Receptors for steroid hormones are commonly located __________.

inside the target cell

In order for a hormone to activate a target cell, the target cell must possess __________.

a receptor

Interaction with a membrane-bound receptor will transduce the hormonal message via __________.

a second messenger

An autoimmune problem involving the thyroid gland.

Graves' disease

Hyposecretion of  growth hormone

Pituitary dwarfism

Hyposecretion of the pancreas

Diabetes mellitus

Hyposecretion of the adrenal cortex

Addison's disease

During times of stress, elevated levels of __________ often occur, which explains why we get a cold during final exam time.

cortisol

Hypersecretion of growth hormone that occurs during adulthood

Acromegaly

Kierra, a 7-year-old girl, is significantly shorter than normal for her age. Her doctor recommends treatment with a hormone before her growth plates ossify in her long bones. Which hormone is recommended?

growth hormone

The beta cells in the pancreatic islets produce insulin.

true

Oxytocin is a strong stimulant of uterine contractions.

true

Upon landing at the airport in Sydney, Australia, Jiahanna feels wide awake even though the local time is 11pm. Which synthetic hormone supplement could he administer to help adjust to the new time zone?

melatonin

Oxytocin ________.

release is an example of a positive feedback control mechanism

Endocrine glands differ from exocrine glands in that they do NOT _______.

have ducts

Much of the endocrine system regulates itself through a process called _______.

\

negative feedback

Blood levels of hormones are kept within very narrow ranges by __________ mechanisms.

negative feedback

Hypoglycemia is a problem with which hormone?

insulin

A person with endemic goiter suffers from _______.

a hypofunctioning thyroid gland

Which area of the brain regulates the endocrine system?

Hypothalamus

As a result of stress, the anterior pituitary releases ________, which stimulates release of hormones from the adrenal cortex that retain sodium and water, increase blood sugar, and begin breaking down fats.

ACTH

Where is oxytocin produced?

Hypothalamus