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chemical bond
attraction between nucleus & electrons or atom-atom
why do chemical bonds form?
seeking lowest possible energy state
isoelectronic
most stable (noble gas)
exo
electrons settle into lower PEL
BARF
endo
bond broken
BARF
how do atoms attain a stable octet?
bonds
ionic bond
exchange electrons
metal donates e to nonmetal
crystal lattice
through electrostatic attraction of opp charged ions
If both atoms don’t get full valence shell, bond does not happen
covalent bond
share electrons
metallic bond
immersion (sea)
metals
large, low IE, low EN
nonmetals
small, high IE, high EN, gains electrons
cheat: Criss cross method
CA+2 Br-1 —> Ca Br+2 (absolute value)
energetics of ionic bond formation
negative
exo: loss of electrons
IE always endo +
delta H repulsion: positive attraction: negative
lattice energy
energy required to separate 1 mol of solid ionic compound —> gas ions
breaking apart - highly endo