10/10 chopped min anatomy

What are the five types of somatic sensation?

1. sensation from skin 2. vision 3. hearing 4. taste 5. smell

What are the targets of the somatic motor system?

Skeletal muscles

What are the targets of the visceral motor system?

cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands

What type of neurons carries sensation from the skin?

Unipolar neurons

What type of neuron is a motor neuron?

multipolar

What are the 4 glial cells found in the CNS?

1. astrocyte 2. ependymal cell 3. microglia 4. oligodendrocyte

What are the 2 glial cells found in the PNS?

1. satellite cells 2. neurolemmocyte

Which glial cell produces nerve growth factor during nerve regeneration?

neurolemmocyte

What are the 3 primary vesicles of the brain?

prosencephalon mesencephalon rhombencephalon

What are the 5 secondary vesicles of the brain?

telencephalon diencephalon mesencephalon metencephalon myelencephalon

astrocyte

helps to form the Blood-Brain-Barrier

neurolemmocyte

myelinates neuronal processes in the PNS

microglia

Cleans up debris in CNS

ependymal cell

Produces CSF

satellite cell

Delivers food to unipolar cells

oligodendrocyte

myelinates axons in CNS

What part of the brain are derived from the telencephalon?

Cerebral hemeheres

What parts of the brain are derived from the diencephalon?

Thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus

What part of the brain is derived from the mesencephalon?

Midbrain

What parts of the brain are derived from the metencephalon?

Pons and cerebellum

What part of the brain is derived from the myelencephalon?

medulla oblongata

superior colliculi

allows us to track objects visually

Medulla oblongata

contains cardiac control center

thalamus

relays somatosensory information to cerebrum

precentral gyrus

controls skeletal muscle on opposite side of body

Hypothalamus

responsible for thirst and hunger

Bronca’s area

allows one to speak in a way that makes sense to others

Be able to trace a drop of blood from the superior sagittal sinus to the internal jugular vein.

superior sagittal sinus -> confluence of sinuses -> transverse sinuse -> sigmoid sinus -> internal jugular v.

List the 6 muscles of the eye and how each moves the eyeball.

1. superior rectus – moves eye up and in 2. inferior rectus – moves eye down and in 3. medial rectus – moves eye medially (adduct) 4. lateral rectus – moves eye laterally (abduct) 5. superior oblique – moves eye down and out 6. inferior oblique – moves eye up and out

The mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

innervates the muscles of mastication.

The facial nerve

carries taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue.

vestibulocochlear nerve.

Hearing and balance

glossopharyngeal nerve

parotid gland.

facial nerve

The lacrimal gland, for tear production

vagus nerve

The muscles of the larynx and pharynx

monosynaptic

A monosynaptic reflex involves a single synapse, where a sensory neuron directly communicates with a motor neuron for a quick response. An example is the knee-jerk reflex, where tapping the patellar tendon causes the quadriceps muscle to contract

Polysynaptic

A polysynaptic reflex involves multiple synapses with one or more interneurons, allowing for more complex processing. An example is the withdrawal reflex, like pulling your hand away from a hot surface to avoid injury.

axillary (Damage)

abduction and external rotation of arm at shoulder

radial (Damage)

extension of elbow, wrist, fingers and supination

musculocutaneous

elbow flexion and supination

median

flexion of wrist, fingers and pronation

ulnar

adduction and abduction of fingers (digits)

femoral

hip flexion and knee extension

obturator

Addiction at thigh

tibial

hip extension, knee flexion, plantarflexion and flexion of toes

superficial fibular

eversion of foot

deep fibular

dorsiflexion, inversion of foot, extension of toes

Parasympathetics

The parasympathetic nervous system calms the body, promoting rest and digestion; for instance, it slows the heart rate after exercise.

Sympathetic

The sympathetic nervous system, on the other hand, triggers the "fight or flight" response, like speeding up your heart rate when you're startled.