male and female pelvis

True pelvis

Contains bladder, distal ureters, bowel, female reproductive organs

Linea terminals

(Pelvic brim) extends from the sacral promontory to the pubic symphysis

True pelvis- inferior to the linea terminalis

False pelvis- superior the linea terminalis

Muscles of the false pelvis

Psosas muscle and iliacus muscle

Psoas muscle

Originated along the lateral spine (distal thoracic vertebrae and first 4 lumbar vertebrae)

Iliacus muscle

Originated at the superior iliac fossa and iliac crest

iliopsoas

Distal psoas combines w Iliacus muscle to form iliopsoas the common tendon attaches to the lesser trochanter of femur

May be seen sonographically at the lateral boards of bladder

lateral landmark of the true pelvis

Iliopsoas

Muscles of pelvis

Piriformis and sciatic nerve

Pirformis

Origin- anterior surface of sacrum

Insertion- greater trochanter of femur

Posterior to uterus, ovaries, vagina, and rectum

May be mistaken for ovaries on ultrasound

Sciatic nerve

Largest nerve in the body

Originates from lower lumbar and upper sacral nerves

Most commonly runs underneath the piriformis muscle (variable)

Obturator

Originates anterior lateral margins of true pelvis

Insertion - greater trochanter of femur

Lies posterior and medial to the iliopsoas muscle at level of vagina

Levator ani

Group of muscles that form pelvic floor -supports and positions pelvic organs

Muscles include: puborectalis, iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus

The male pelvis

Testicle, epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, seminal vesicle, prostate, bulbourethral glands, corpus cavernosum, corpus spongiosum

Testicle

Egg shaped organ w/in scrotum- produces sperm and make hormones

Epididymis

Duct posterior to testicle that transport sperm to vas deferens

Vas deferns

Transports sperm from epididymis to urethra

Ejaculatory duct

Formed where vas deferens meets seminal vesicle -pass through prostate and open into urethra

Seminal vesicles

Paired glands at posterior to bladder and superior to prostate

Prostate

Gland surrounding neck of urinary bladder and male urethra

Bulbourethral glands

Pea shaped glands inferior to prostate and just proximal to penile tissue

Corpus cavernous

Tow masses of erectile tissue (anterior) forming most of the penis

Corpus spongiosum

Single smaller mass of rice tissue surrounding the urethra (posterior)

ovaries

Paired elliptical endocrine glands located lateral to the uterus

fallopian tubes

Paired muscular tubes transport ova from surface of ovary to endometrial cavity

Endometrium

Mucus membrane lining the uterus

Myometrium

Middle layer of uterus comprised of smooth muscle

Serosa/perimetrium

Outer layer of endometrium (part of peritoneum

Cervix

Narrow lower end of uterus

Internal os

Opening from uterus to cervix

External os

Opening from crevice to vagina

Vagina

Tube connecting cervix to

Female pelvis

Ovaries, fallopian tubes, endometrium, myometrium, serosa/perimetrium, cervix, internal os, external os, vagina

Female pelvis ligaments

Broad ligaments, cardinal ligament, ovarian ligament, round ligament, suspensory/ infundibulopelvic

Broad ligament

Double fold of peritoneum covering fallopian tubes, ovaries, uterus and blood vessels-extend from lateral walls of uterus to sidewalks of pelvis

Cardinal ligaments

Thickening at base of broad ligament attached lateral cervix and vagina to pelvic wall

Ovarian ligament

Extends from for us (uterine horns) to medial aspect of ovary

Round ligament

Arises form cornea anterior to fallopian tubes and extends to pelvic side walls

Suspensory/infundibulopelvic ligament

Extends from lateral ovary to pelvic sidewall

Pelvic vasculature

Internal iliac arteries, uterine arteries, arcuate arteries, ovarian arteries, ovarian veins

Internal iliac arteries

Branch of common iliac-posterior to uterus and ovaries

Uterine arteries

Branch of internal iliac arteries-supply vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries

Arcuate arteries

Branch of uterine arteries-prominent vessels in outer 1/3 of myometrium

Ovarian arteries

Branch off sports just inferior to the renal arteries-supply ovaries

Ovarian veins

Tight empties into IVC, left empties into left renal vein

Pelvic spaces

Retrouterine pouch, anterior cul de sac, space of retzius

Retrouterine pouch

AKA pouch of Douglas or posterior cul de sac- anterior to rectum and posterior to uterus most inferior space in pelvic cavity-most likely site for fluid accumulation

Anterior cul de sac

AKA vesicouterine pouch- anterior to uterus posterior to bladder

Space of retzius

AKA retropubicspace or prevesical space-anterior to bladder posterior to symphysis pubis