Chapter 1 - States of Matter_Slides 1.2

Kinetic Particle Theory

A theory that explains the behavior of gases in terms of the motion of their particles.

Effect of Temperature on Gas Volume

When a gas is heated, its particles gain kinetic energy, move further apart, and its volume increases.

Effect of Pressure on Gas Volume

When pressure is applied to a gas, the particles move closer together, resulting in a decrease in volume.

Diffusion

The movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

Relative Molecular Mass

The mass of the particles of a gas that affects the rate at which the gas diffuses.

Bromine and Air Diffusion Experiment

An experiment demonstrating diffusion by showing random mixing of bromine and air particles after removing a cover.

Faster Diffusion for Lighter Gases

Gases with lower relative molecular mass diffuse faster than those with higher masses.

Ammonia and Hydrochloric Acid Experiment

An experiment showing that ammonia diffuses faster than hydrogen chloride due to its lower molecular mass.

Molecular Mass of Gases

The specific weight of gas particles which influences their rate of diffusion.

Diffusion in Liquids

The process where a solute spreads within a liquid, as demonstrated by potassium manganate(VII) dissolving in water.