Building Organizations

Ist exam

What are the steps of design thinking?

What are the steps of design thinking?

1. Empathize

2. Define

3. Ideate

4. Prototype

5. Test

Architectural programing is

Pre-design methodology

Design thinking moves

design upstream

In design thinking, people are

desirability

In design thinking, Business are

visibility

In design thinking, technology is

Business

is a distribution network

David Adjaye

created idea stores

Design thinking in architecture

Helps bring out the total project empathy

Total project empathy example

MIT tsunami-safe house

Design thinking in architecture

Interdisciplinary Collaboration

Interdisciplinary Collaboration

working together

Good architecture demands what to work together

Design, finance and technology

D. knowing

Nigel Cross

d.Thinking

Tim Brown

Nigel cross is an advocate for the

Discipline of Design

Design spheres

Field, Practice and profession

Field

Sphere of activity around a particular area

Application of exercise and

Design as material culture is distinct to

Things to know, Concepts, ways of exploring

In design technologies there is

artificial world

In sciences there is

the natural world

In arts and humanities there is

in sciences you want

objectivity (Truth)

in Design Technologies you want

practicality (Appropriateness)

in Arts and Humanities you want

Modeling, Patterning, synthesis

Design Technologies

Controlled experiment, Classification, analysis

sciences

Analogy, Metaphor, evaluation

Arts and humanity

in Aspects of Designerly knowing Mode of problem-solving is

Solution - focused

Searching for a rule =

Problem-focused

Visualizing acceptable combinations

Solution - focused

scientists

Problem

Designers

Aspects of Designerly Knowing

1. model of problem-solving is solution-focused

2. Tackle ‘Ill-defined’ or ‘Wicked’ problems

3. The mode of thinking is constructive

4. Translate between abstract requirements and concrete objects

5. Able to read, think and write in the language of material culture

Deductive reasoning (Deduction)

Intellectually Posits that something must be

Inductive reasoning ( induction)

Empirical evidence, reason to accept but does not ensure

Abductive reasoning (Abduction)

Heuristic, suggests a possible scenario

in design thinking, Empathise and define will lead to

pre design methodology

Enlightenment

The intellectual movement of the late 1600’s and 1700’s emphasized reason and created the scientific method.

Quatremere de Quincy

French archaeologist,

424-348BC

Plato

1705-1774

Blondel

1599-1667

Borromini

During the 18th century, what different principles took place

laugier’s primitive hut

is an exploration of origins. (all arts, principles are found in nature

laugier attempted to reposition Architecture as a liberal art architecture as translation of

first principles

Even though the Greek and Egyptians were similar

they had different Origins and therefore different types.

Durand

French architect, professor and theorist

Durand wanted to teach by

studying general principles

geometric parti

shows configurations in its simplest form.

Type: a root form

belongs to a group of artifacts with similar attributes

Typology

the comparative study ….

artefacts are commonly arranged by the

the attribute of the function.

Type is not tied to external Affect function or urban form

but is linked to configuration

type operates on different

levels of attributes

Aerodynamics =

form

mechanics =

organization

Ergonomics =

use

Envelope

The form and structure of a building volume,

Distributive

the organizational arrangement in a building

Progonomic

Spatial requirements building codes and dimensions

exclusive of its use and organizational arrangement.

Form

This will necessarily reciprocate with both form and use

distributive

This will necessarily reciprocate with both form and organizational arrangement

progonomic

Plan

Political Structure

Section

Social strata

Facade/surface

representational

Envelopes

Alejandro Zaera-polo

30 st Mary Axe (the gerkiGerkinn) london uk, Foster +partners.

envelope Z tower

slab

envelope y(Z)

Ikea

envelope X-y - flat

envelope X-y - flat

cross stations, Melbourne Australia

Envelope x-y-z

Cuboid (spheroid)

Envelope x-y-z eg:

Seattle library or large concert halls.

envelope: Nill point

sub-urban houses

Type is understood as a

root form/ principle or deep structure

What contains a possibility of infinite formal variation

Type

Typology is a method of

reasoning and experimenting through type through understanding the principle and deep structure

Envelope z

tower (core)

Envelope Z(X-Y)

Block villa (Garden)

new technologies allowed

remote communication

what allowed remote communication

railroad, telegraph and telephone

what technologies promoted office work

electric lighting…

Business

Office professional and service activities and storage of related records and accountants but does not include retail or while sales

Business offices is occupancy type

B

Typical heights of floor to floor in the US

13’-6”

Typical heights of floor to ceiling in the US

9’0”

Leasing depth in Europe

8m (25’)

Leasing depth in the US

45’ (13.7m)

Planning grid in Europe

1.2/1.5m (4’/5’)

Planning grid in the US

Side lighting can provide effective illumination for depths up to

2-1/2 times the height of the opening

A window extending 9 ft above the floor will provide

full daylight for normal office tasks up to approximately 14’ from the window

Supplemented with electric lighting the effective daylight illumination reaches

1.5x height for normal

height for normal

shallow plans (bars) allow

ore daylight than deeper plans (Slabs)

Understanding basic plan and section is important during

early design