operant conditioning pt2

Instinctive drift

• tendency for trained animals to revert(drift) back to their natural (instinctual behaviors

Ex: zoo animals

Power of nature- animals can be aggressive

Learned Helplessness

• repeated bad events (failures)

• Lead to giving up

Ex: exams/promotions

• mental health issues

Superstitious behavior

• accidental rewards and behaviors

• Irrational beliefs that connects something to an unrelated outcome

Ex: lucky pen

• helps with learned helplessness

Similar to classical conditioning

Reinforcement generalization

Ex: praise from parent vs praise from teacher

Reinforcement discrimination

ex: might only listen to one parent or maybe only a coach

Shaping

Gradually reinforcing behavior until it comes to desired outcome

• use positive reinforcement

Ex: making beds, grads

Reinforcement schedules

• how often a behavior is reinforced

Continuous reinforcement

• reinforce everytime the behavior occurs

Ex: dog trick, vending machine

• quick learning but quick extinction

Partial reinforcement schedule

• 4 types

• Slower learning but slower extinction

• Don’t expect it every time

Fixed ratio

• ratio = amount

• Reinforced after fixed amount

Ex: dog trick, free meal

(Every 3 sits)

Variable ratio

• reinforce after varying amount

• Unpredictable

Ex: dog trick, slot machine

Fixed interval

• reinforce after set time

Ex: paycheck, tv show release

• paid every 2 weeks

Scalloped graph

• we learn to anticipate on a fixed interval

• Fits under fixed interval

variable interval

• reinforce after varying time

• Ex: checking phone/social media. Pop quizzes