Endocrine and Nervous system- Biology

Explain what stimulus response is.

Explain what stimulus response is.

When an organism takes in stimulus and reacts to it.

define receptor and effector and give an example of each in the human body.

Receptors are cells or organs designed to receive stimulus (eyes) and effector are cells or organs designed to react to stimulus. (Muscles)

Compare and contrast a neuron to a normal cell in the body.

A neuron is a cell and has the same structure and they have most of the cell parts carry out the same functions but neurons can carry impulses from one part of the body to another.

Explain what an impulse is.

An impulse is an electrical message that travels through the nervous system.

Name the 3 types of neurons and explain their function.

sensory- neurons that carry impulses from sensory organs to the brain or spinal cord. Interneurons- carry impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons. Motor- neurons that carry impulses from the brain and spinal cord to muscles

Explain the term threshold.

The least amount of stimulus it takes to activate a neuron.

define the term synapse.

gap between neurons where an impulse can be transferred.

What is a neurotransmitter? and what does it do?

A neurotransmitter is a chemical used by a neuron to transfer an impulse through a synapse.

Identify the 2 functions of the ear and the 2 functions of the spinal cord.

The ear gives you the ability to hear and helps with balance. The spinal cord sends messages to the brain and the body and reflex action.

Name the 5 types of sensory receptors of the body and identify the sense or senses that they contribute to

pain receptor- touch, thermoreceptors- touch, mechanoreceptors- sound and touch, chemoreceptors- taste and smell, and photoreceptors- vision.

Explain the function of the cerebrum

sensory, voluntary movement, thinking and problem solving.

Explain the function of the cerebellum

voluntary and involuntary movements, makes movements more fluid.

Explain the function of the thalamus

relay between the spinal cord and brain, pain and retaining consciousness.

Explain the function of the medulla oblongata.

controls breathing, heartbeat, blood flow, and coughing.

define hormone.

chemical message.

define gland.

hormone secreting organ.

define target cell

cell designated to receive a specific message.

Explain the difference between the exocrine and endocrine and give an example of each.

The exocrine glands secrete substances through ducts (sweat glands, tear ducts). Endocrine glands are glands that secrete hormones through the bloodstream (pituitary gland)

explain why cell receptors are important to the endocrine system.

hormones bind to specific receptors and receptors carry the hormones message.

What is the function of the hypothalamus gland.

controls body temp, blood pressure, sleep and emotions.

What is the function of the pituitary gland.

produces hormones that regulate the functions of all other glands.

What is the function of the pineal gland.

produce hormones that regulate sleep/ wake cycle (melatonin)

What is the function of the parathyroid gland.

regulate calcium and phosphate metabolism.

What is the function of the thyroid gland.

regulates metabolism.

What is the function of the pancreas.

endocrine- regulates blood sugar levels (insulin), exocrine- digestive juices.

What is the function of the thymus.

stimulates t-cell development to help with proper immune response.

What is the function of the adrenal gland

helps the body respond to stress (cortisol)

What is the function of the ovaries.

estrogen and pretogen production.

What is the function of the testes.

produces testosterone that regulates secondary sex characteristics.

Explain how the pancreas and the liver work together to control blood sugar levels of the human body.

When blood sugar is high your pancreas releases insulin this hormone tells the liver stores excess glucose as glycogen bringing your blood sugar back down to homeostasis, when your blood sugar decreases the pancreas releases glucagon it tells the liver to realese sugar into the blood bringing your blood sugar back up to homeostasis.