NREMT Study

7

Number of vertebrae in cervical spine

12

Number of vertebrae in thoracic spine

5

Number of vertebrae in lumbar spine

5

Number of vertebrae in sacral spine

4

Number of vertebrae in coccyx

2

How many pairs of floating ribs are there

10

How many pairs of connected ribs are there

Bronchi

The 2 tubes leading to the lungs

Negative

Type of pressure when diaphragm moves down and allows for lungs to expand

Positive

Type of pressure when diaphragm relaxes and pushes out CO2

Right

Side of the heart that pumps blood to the lungs to be oxygenated

Left

Side of the heart that pumps blood to the rest of the body

Carotid

Artery that supplies blood to brain

Right upper

Quadrant of abdomen containing liver, right kidney, colon, pancreas, gall bladder

Left upper

Quadrant of abdomen containing liver, spleen, left kidney, stomach, colon, pancreas

Right lower

Quadrant of abdomen containing colon, small intestines, ureter, appendix

Left lower

Quadrant of abdomen containing colon, small intestines, ureter

FSH

Hormone that simulates sperm production

LH

Hormone that stimulates testoserone production

Sympathetic

Nervous system for fight or flight

Parasympathetic

Nervous system for rest and digest

Automaticity

Cell’s ability to generate it own electrical impulses

18

Fontanelles full close at _____ months

5

Reasses vital every ____ minutes if unstable

15

Reasses vitals every _____ minutes if stable

4

Maximum number of points in GCS for Eye response (spontaneous)

5

Maximum number of points in GCS for Verbal response (oriented convo)

6

Maximum number of points in GCS for Motor response (obeys commands)

3

Number of lobes on the right lung

2

Number of lobes on the left lung

Rales

Lung sounds of rattling, cracking, clanking, popping.

Caused by fluid in airway passafe or collapsed aveoli

Wheezes

Lung sounds of squeaky, musical, moan-like.

Caused by air moving through narrow airways caused by obstruction, constriction, excess secretions

Ronchi

Lung sounds of low-pitched chunky, rattling, snore-like.

Caused by obstruction or excess mucus

Stridor

Lung sounds of high pitched and whistle-like, seal barking.

Caused by obstructions of object or inflammation of upper airway

94-100

Healthy O2 saturation range

Hard-tip

Type of suction catheter used in most cases exceot clenched teeth and hard to reach areas

Soft-tip

Type of suction catheter used for challenging scenarions and trachectomy tube and naropharynx

Emphysema

Lung disease that destroys the thin walls and elastic fibers of the alveoli. Causes small ariways to collapse during exhalation

Bronchitis

Long-term inflammation of bronchial tubes. Lungs respond by producing more mucus that blocks constricted pathways

Pulmonary Embolism

Blockage to one of the heart arteries in the lungs. Often caused by blood clots travelling to lungs or DVT

5-6

Rescue breaths are given when patient has apnea with a pulse. 1 breath given every _____ seconds

Lowers BP

Main concern with CPAP is that it _____

Non-rebreather mask

Oxygen administration device that flows at 10-15 L/min at 100% O2

Simple face mask

Oxygen administration device that flows at 6-10 L/min at 40-60% O2

Nasal cannula

Oxygen administration device that flows at 2-6 L/min at 20-40% O2

Venturi mask

Oxygen administration device that flows at 2-15 L/min at 24-60% O2

Oral glucose

10-50 grams

Buccal route

Must be given to conscious patients

Epinephrine

Adults 0.3mg

Pediatrics 0.15 mg

IM route on outer lateral thigh

Aspirin

81mg or 325mg

1 tab for 81, 4 tab for 325

Naloxone

2mg/mL

Prefilled syringe - 1 mL per nostril

Nitroglycerin

0.4mg

1 oral dissolving tab under tongue

1 spray under tongue

Asystole

No electrical impulse (flatline)

Fibrillation

Heart is shaking but there is no squeezing of blood

Hypertension

Develops when steady pressure weakens vessel walls over time

Coronary artery disease

Develops when blood vessels that supply heart become damaged or diseased

Arteriosclerosis

Develops when blood flow is restricted causing arterial walls to stiffen

Angina pectoris

Chest pain that develops from reduce blood flow to the heart

Myocardial Infarction

Develops when plaque buildup has blocked completely one of the heart vessels, causing hypoxia and buildup of toxins

Hypoperfusive shock

When circulation to various organs is inadequate due to low fluid volume or inadequate pumping of the heart

Acute coronary syndrome

When blood flow to the heart is suddenly reduced

Congestive heart failure

Left or right ventricle weakened to point that no longer has strength to pump blood to lungs or body

Cardiac tamponade

When blood or fluid fills sac around heart, puts pressure on heart and prevents ventricles from expanding. Heart becomes deprived of space to beat properly

Beck Triad

Hypotenstion, muffled heart sounds, jugular vein distention

Ischemic

Type of stroke when there is a blockage of cerebral artery

Hemorrhagic

Type fo stroke when a blood vessel ruptures in the brain

Compensated

First stage of shock:

Tachycardia

Vasoconstriction

Tachypnea

Decompensated

Second stage of shock:

BP falls

Peripheral pulse weakens

Mental status decreases

Irreversible

Third stage of shock:

Poor perfusion has happened for too long causing permanent damage to organs and cell death

80-120

Normal BGL range (mg/dL)

Hypoglycemia

Caused by insulin without food intake.

Shaky/dizzy

Slurred speech/AMS

Blurred vision

Clammy/diaphoretic skin

Hyperglycemia

Polydipsia

Polyuria

Polyphagia

Fruity breath odor

Shortness of breath

90-95

Core temperature for mild hypothermia

82-90

Core temperature for moderate hypothermia

Below 82

Core temperature for severe hypothermia

Breech delivery

If any other part besides the head presents first during labor, it is a _____

Para

Name for number of live births the mother has had

Gravida

Name for number of times mother has been pregnant

Eclampsia

High blood pressure and signs of damage to other organ systems.

Usually begins after 20 weeks in women whose BP has been normal.

Abruptio placenta

Partial or complete separation of the placenta from inner wall before delivery

Placenta previa

Placenta lies lower in uterus than usual position and partially or completely covers cervix

37

Premature berth occurs before _____ weeks

Nitroglycerin

Pharmacology:

Dilates

Reduces heart work load

Increases blood flow

5-6

Total liters of blood in circulation

Gross hemorrhage

Blood seen and identified with the naked eye

Occult hemorrhage

Blood that cannot be seen with naked eye

2 hours

Touriquets can be used for up to _____ without tissue damage

Hypoperfusion

Treatment for ____ :

Maintain airway

High-flow O2

Control external bleeding

Elevate low extremeties

Splint fractures

Prevent heat loss

Expedite tranfsfer to trauma facility

Pneumothorax

Sucking chest wound

First

_____ degree burn

Only epidermis

Ex: Sunburn

Second

_____ degree burn

Both epidermis and dermis

Ex: Sunburn with fluid filled blisters

Third

_____ degree burn

Involes all three layers of the skin, possibly muscle, bones, tissues, and organs

Ex: charred, dry, leathery skin

9

Body part % of head and neck

9

Body part % of chest

9

Body part % of abdomen

18

Body part % of 1 entire leg (front + back)

9

Body part % of 1 entire arm (front + back)

9

Body part % of upper back

9

Body part % of lower back

1

Body part % of genitalia

33

Number of total vertebrae in spine